本文關(guān)鍵詞： 舉證責(zé)任規(guī)則 舉證責(zé)任分配 賠償責(zé)任 責(zé)任制度　出處：《青島大學(xué)》2007年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 海商法作為民法的特別法，在民法中有關(guān)舉證責(zé)任的基本原則、舉證責(zé)任分配等在海商法中均有所體現(xiàn)。但隨著我國海上貨物運(yùn)輸?shù)牟粩嘣龆�，我們不得不需要一個(gè)獨(dú)立的完善的法律來應(yīng)對由此產(chǎn)生的合同糾紛。有鑒于此，本論文對海運(yùn)貨損索賠舉證責(zé)任分配的研究是建立在一般民事舉證責(zé)任分析的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合海商法特點(diǎn)，通過對《海牙規(guī)則》、《海牙／維斯比規(guī)則》、《漢堡規(guī)則則》、美國1999年海上貨物運(yùn)輸法草案以及我國《海商法》對海運(yùn)貨損索賠舉證責(zé)任的規(guī)定作了具體的分析研究。 本論文分為四個(gè)部分： 論文的第一部分首先對舉證責(zé)任的基本含義包括兩大法系對舉證責(zé)任的含義的理解及海運(yùn)貨損索賠舉證責(zé)任的基本含義、舉證責(zé)任分配的法理分析及海事貨運(yùn)索賠舉證責(zé)任分配的法理分析、海運(yùn)貨損索賠舉證責(zé)任分配的原則等問題作了論述。通過對舉證責(zé)任分配的法哲學(xué)思考，使海運(yùn)貨損索賠舉證責(zé)任的分配應(yīng)該達(dá)到實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)體公正、程序公正、使裁判最大限度貼近事實(shí)、效益之價(jià)值目標(biāo)。 論文的第二部分，重點(diǎn)對海運(yùn)貨損索賠中索賠方應(yīng)負(fù)的舉證責(zé)任進(jìn)行了闡述。首先列明了索賠方提起貨損索賠訴訟的基本條件，并對最為復(fù)雜重要的第三項(xiàng)“貨損發(fā)生在承運(yùn)人責(zé)任期間”的事項(xiàng)，展開詳述。根據(jù)海商法第46條規(guī)定，對索賠方如何證明貨物交付時(shí)外表狀況良好及承運(yùn)人的抗辯、索賠方如何證明接受承運(yùn)人交付時(shí)已經(jīng)發(fā)生貨損進(jìn)行具體分析。 論文的第三部分，則是對海運(yùn)貨損索賠中承運(yùn)人應(yīng)負(fù)的舉證責(zé)任進(jìn)行了闡述。我國海商法第46條對于承運(yùn)人應(yīng)承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任的情況作出了例外規(guī)定，第51條規(guī)定了承運(yùn)人的免責(zé)事項(xiàng)。這部分重點(diǎn)對駕管船過失的免責(zé)、火災(zāi)免責(zé)、類似不可抗力的免責(zé)及貨物的自然特性或潛在缺陷、貨物包裝不良標(biāo)志欠缺不清等方面進(jìn)行了具體的分析，通過分析，了解該種情況下承運(yùn)人該如何舉證，如何免責(zé)，怎樣分配舉證責(zé)任。 論文的第四部分，主要是對國際海運(yùn)索賠中雙方對其它事實(shí)的舉證。當(dāng)事人雙方對貨損基本事實(shí)的舉證，若雙方不再提出其它主張，則法官似乎已可根據(jù)雙方之證據(jù)進(jìn)行裁判。但訴訟實(shí)踐往往并非如此簡單，根據(jù)《海商法》對于承運(yùn)人責(zé)任義務(wù)的其他規(guī)定，雙方通常還會(huì)對其它事項(xiàng)進(jìn)行主張和舉證，諸如適航、繞航和管貨。本章針對承運(yùn)人適航義務(wù)的內(nèi)容和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、適航義務(wù)的時(shí)間、適航的主觀要求，，是否屬于合理繞航、不合理繞航產(chǎn)生的貨損與繞航的因果關(guān)系，以及承運(yùn)人應(yīng)盡的管貨義務(wù)等問題作了分析，如果承運(yùn)人未盡到應(yīng)盡義務(wù)，使貨方遭受損失，貨方該如何進(jìn)行舉證證明，以及承運(yùn)人該如何證明自己已盡應(yīng)盡義務(wù)等等。 本文通過對國際海運(yùn)貨損索賠舉證責(zé)任分配法律問題的深入分析，指出了現(xiàn)存的國際海上運(yùn)輸?shù)膰H公約、規(guī)則以及國內(nèi)法存在的不足，在實(shí)踐中容易產(chǎn)生的問題，除了修改意見，對解決國際海上貨物運(yùn)輸過程中產(chǎn)生的舉證責(zé)任分配能起到一定的幫助作用。
[Abstract]:Maritime law as a special law of civil law in civil law, the basic principles of the burden of proof, the burden of proof are embodied in the maritime law. But with the carriage of goods by sea in China is constantly increasing, we have to need a perfect law of independence to cope with the resulting contract dispute. In view of this, this thesis research marine cargo claims on the allocation of the burden of proof is based on the general analysis of the burden of proof, combined with the characteristics of maritime law, according to the rules of < Hague >, < Hague > < / Weiss rules, Hamburg Rules >, provisions of the United States in 1999 of carriage of goods by sea and China's maritime law draft of < > on the sea the burden of proof of the cargo claim made detailed analysis.
This paper is divided into four parts:
The first part of the thesis, the basic meaning and understanding of marine cargo claims the burden of proof first the basic meaning of the burden of proof includes the meaning of the burden of proof of the two law systems, legal analysis of the allocation of the burden of proof and legal analysis of maritime cargo claim the allocation of the burden of proof, discuss the problem of marine cargo claims the principle of the burden of proof made by. Philosophical thoughts on the allocation of the burden of proof in the allocation of the burden of proof of the maritime cargo claim should achieve substantive justice, procedural justice, making the judgment to maximize the benefit value close to the facts.
The second part of the thesis, the burden of proof focuses on the marine cargo claimant are described. The first column of basic conditions if the claimant institutes a lawsuit, and the third most "damage take place in the period of liability issues, complicated and important details. According to the provisions of article forty-sixth of the maritime law. How to claim that goods delivered in good condition and appearance of the defence, the claimant to prove acceptable carrier delivery of cargo damage has been analyzed.
The third part is the burden of proof in marine cargo claims for the carrier are described. The situation of China's maritime law article forty-sixth for the carrier shall bear the liability for compensation made exceptions, the provisions of article fifty-first of the disclaimer. This part focuses on the driving exemption vessel negligence, fire free similar to the natural characteristics of responsibility, exemption and goods of force majeure or potential defects, bad packaging, deficient sign and other aspects of a specific analysis, through the analysis of the situation, understand the carrier how to proof, exemption, how to allocate the burden of proof.
The fourth part is mainly on both sides of international maritime claims on other facts proof. Both parties of the basic facts of the damage proof, if the two sides no longer made other claims, the judge seems to have to judge according to the evidence. But the litigation practice often is not so simple, according to maritime law > for other provisions of the carrier the responsibilities and obligations of both parties usually also, advocate and the burden of proof, for other matters such as seaworthiness, deviation and tube goods. This chapter focuses on the content and standard of seaworthiness obligation, seaworthiness obligation time, subjective requirements of airworthiness, whether reasonable deviation, the causal relationship between the unreasonable deviation and deviation from damage the obligation of the carrier and should be analyzed, if the carrier failed to fulfill its obligations, the merchant losses, how to prove that the goods, as well as the carrier How to prove that he has done his duty as much as possible and so on.
Through in-depth analysis of the legal issues claim the allocation of the burden of proof for international maritime cargo, pointed out the existing international conventions of international maritime transportation, insufficient rules and domestic law, prone to problems in practice, in addition to amendments to solve the allocation of burden of proof in international carriage of goods by sea in the course of play some help.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：青島大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：D996.19

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 童燕君;海上承運(yùn)人責(zé)任基礎(chǔ)之舉證責(zé)任分配研究[D];西南政法大學(xué);2010年

本文編號(hào)：1541713