本文關(guān)鍵詞： 沿海船舶油污損害 強制保險 油污基金 損害賠償　出處：《上海海事大學(xué)》2007年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 我國尚無針對船舶油污損害賠償?shù)膶ｉT立法。沿海涉外船舶油污損害賠償適用我國加入的1969年和1992年《國際油污損害民事責(zé)任公約》，但不具有涉外因素的船舶油污損害賠償爭議較大。針對沿海船舶油污損害賠償現(xiàn)狀，本文對與沿海船舶油污損害相關(guān)的國內(nèi)法及1969年和1992年《國際油污損害民事責(zé)任公約》中涉及的相關(guān)法律條款進(jìn)行了分析，指出沿海船舶油污損害應(yīng)當(dāng)適用的法律，分析和研究了索賠過程中的一些實際問題，同時對我國即將實施的強制保險和油污損害賠償基金提出了一些建議。 引言部分主要闡述我國沿海船舶油污現(xiàn)狀，說明沿海船舶油污損害賠償中存在的問題。 第一章介紹沿海油污損害賠償適用的法律法規(guī)，包括國際公約、國際慣例及國內(nèi)法的適用問題，指出應(yīng)當(dāng)適用國內(nèi)法，并且《海環(huán)法》和《海商法》應(yīng)優(yōu)先于《民法通則》適用。 第二章介紹沿海油污損害賠償問題，包括歸責(zé)原則、賠償責(zé)任限制、訴訟主體、損害評估、損害賠償?shù)姆秶葐栴}。訴訟主體方面，除直接受害人可以起訴外，其他公民或環(huán)保組織也應(yīng)當(dāng)有權(quán)提起公益訴訟，請求法院判令侵害環(huán)境公益的行為人停止侵害行為，排除危害。這是本文針對訴訟主體所作的拓展，屬于創(chuàng)新之處。另外，損害評估體系的建立，訴訟時效的修改等部分都是本文提出的創(chuàng)造性見解。 第三章是案例，主要分析了一個沿海船舶油污損害賠償案。 第四章是關(guān)于我國的強制保險制度和油污損害賠償基金的研究，介紹了國外的經(jīng)驗。國際油污損害賠償?shù)闹黧w構(gòu)成為：民事責(zé)任人及保險人構(gòu)成第一重賠償主體，賠償基金為第二重賠償主體。本章同時對我國即將實施的油污損害賠償基金的設(shè)立提出了一些建議。其中與國內(nèi)油污基金配合措施等內(nèi)容屬于創(chuàng)新之處。 第五章是結(jié)論．指出我國應(yīng)當(dāng)盡快制定新法或是將《1992年國際油污損害民事責(zé)任公約》的內(nèi)容轉(zhuǎn)化成國內(nèi)法，在此之前，沿海非涉外船舶油污損害案件賠償應(yīng)當(dāng)優(yōu)先適用《海壞法》和《海商法》。而嚴(yán)格責(zé)任原則是沿海油污損害賠償中應(yīng)當(dāng)適用的法律原則。在訴訟主體方面，，國家行政機關(guān)可以代表國家進(jìn)行海洋環(huán)境資源損害的賠償，本文同時建議國家可以成立專門的機構(gòu)來進(jìn)行索賠，另外也可以通過相關(guān)法律的修改來確立公民和公益組織提起訴訟的資格。涉及到損害評估的賠償，筆者更傾向于將強制清污和中長期漁業(yè)資源損失都納入國家油污基金損害賠償范圍。同時為避免評估結(jié)果的不公正，建議國家參照國際油污賠償基金，制定我國自己的損害評估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和體系。此外，針對我國的強制保險制度和油污損害賠償基金作了一定的分析評議，并給出了一些建議。
[Abstract]:There is no special legislation for compensation for oil pollution damage from ships in China. Application of the International Convention on Civil liability for Oil pollution damage on 1969 and 1992 of China's accession to the International Convention on Civil liability for Oil pollution damage, but not involving foreign factors, is applicable to the compensation for oil pollution damage caused by foreign ships along the coast. The compensation for pollution damage is controversial. In view of the current situation of oil pollution compensation of coastal ships, This paper analyzes the domestic laws related to oil pollution damage of coastal ships and the relevant legal provisions of the International Convention on Civil liability for Oil pollution damage of 1969 and 1992, and points out the applicable laws for oil pollution damage of coastal ships. This paper analyzes and studies some practical problems in the process of claims, and puts forward some suggestions for the compulsory insurance and oil pollution damage compensation fund to be implemented in China. The introduction mainly expounds the present situation of oil pollution of coastal ships in our country, and explains the problems existing in the compensation for oil pollution damage of coastal ships. Chapter I introduces the applicable laws and regulations for compensation for coastal oil pollution damage, including international conventions, international practices and the application of domestic law, and points out that domestic law should be applied, And the Sea Ring Law and the Maritime Code should be applied in preference to the General principles of Civil Law. The second chapter introduces the problem of compensation for coastal oil pollution damage, including liability principle, limitation of liability, main body of litigation, damage assessment, scope of damage compensation and so on. Other citizens or environmental protection organizations should also have the right to file public interest litigation and request the court to order the person who infringes the environmental public good to stop the infringing act and eliminate the harm. This is the expansion of this article aimed at the main body of the lawsuit, which belongs to the innovation. The establishment of damage assessment system and the modification of statute of limitations are all creative ideas put forward in this paper. The third chapter is a case, mainly analyzes a coastal ship oil pollution damage compensation case. Chapter 4th is about the study of compulsory insurance system and compensation fund of oil pollution damage in our country, and introduces the experience of foreign countries. The main body of international oil pollution damage compensation is: the civil liability and the insurer constitute the main body of the first compensation. The compensation fund is the second main body of compensation. At the same time, this chapter puts forward some suggestions on the establishment of the oil pollution compensation fund to be implemented in our country. Chapter 5th is the conclusion. It is pointed out that China should enact new law as soon as possible or translate the contents of the International Convention on Civil liability for Oil pollution damage of 1992 into domestic law. In the case of oil pollution damage caused by non-foreign vessels in coastal areas, priority should be given to the application of the Marine damage Law and the Maritime Law. The principle of strict liability is the legal principle to be applied in the compensation for oil pollution damage caused by coastal oil pollution. State administrative organs may make compensation for damage to marine environment and resources on behalf of the state. At the same time, this paper suggests that the state may set up special agencies to make claims. In addition, it is also possible to establish the eligibility of citizens and public welfare organizations to initiate proceedings through the amendment of relevant laws. The author is more inclined to include compulsory decontamination and long-term loss of fishery resources within the scope of damage compensation of the National Oil pollution Fund. Meanwhile, in order to avoid the injustice of the evaluation results, it is suggested that the country should refer to the International Oil pollution compensation Fund. In addition, the compulsory insurance system and the compensation fund for oil pollution damage in China are analyzed and reviewed, and some suggestions are given.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：D996.19;D922.294

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前9條

1 司玉琢;沿海運輸船舶油污損害賠償法律適用問題研究[J];大連海事大學(xué)學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);2002年Z1期

2 孔祥舵;梅宏;;論海洋生態(tài)污染損害賠償訴訟中原告的主體資格[J];海洋開發(fā)與管理;2006年02期

3 勞輝;關(guān)于我國油污賠償問題(續(xù))[J];交通環(huán)保;1998年01期

4 宋家慧,勞輝,劉紅;加拿大的船舶油污損害賠償機制及運行經(jīng)驗[J];交通環(huán)保;1999年04期

5 黃嘎;;沿海船舶油污損害賠償?shù)姆蛇m用[J];水運管理;2007年04期

6 馬艷飛;;完善我國內(nèi)河船舶海事賠償責(zé)任限制法律制度[J];水運管理;2007年05期

7 司玉琢,朱曾杰;有關(guān)海事國際公約與國內(nèi)法關(guān)系的立法建議[J];中國海商法年刊;1999年00期

8 包繼來;;強制清污費用法律問題探析[J];中國水運;2006年06期

9 司玉琢;沿海運輸船舶油污損害賠償若干法律問題研究[J];中國對外貿(mào)易;2002年06期

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 林大鵬;船舶油污損害賠償法律機制研究[D];上海海運學(xué)院;2001年

本文編號：1541015