本文關(guān)鍵詞： 器官 器官移植 法律地位 活體器官移植 尸體器官移植　出處：《南京理工大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 從法律的角度考察,器官移植是指為醫(yī)療目的,由器官供給人的捐贈行為、專門醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)器官摘取的協(xié)助行為和植入器官的治療行為等構(gòu)成的相互獨(dú)立、相互聯(lián)絡(luò)的關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)合行為。器官移植是一項(xiàng)復(fù)雜的技術(shù),涉及法學(xué)、醫(yī)學(xué)、倫理學(xué)等諸多領(lǐng)域。從民商法的角度分析器官移植的民事法律問題有助于保障我國器官移植技術(shù)健康發(fā)展、保障人們的合法生命權(quán)益。 器官移植引發(fā)的首要問題即人體器官的法律地位,根據(jù)器官物理狀態(tài)的不同,對其法律地位應(yīng)區(qū)別對待:活體器官應(yīng)視為“人格之載體”;已與人體脫離的器官及尸體器官應(yīng)視為一種特殊的物。器官移植行為造福了許多患者,但因其性質(zhì)決定,在實(shí)施過程中會對供體和受體的人身造成一定損害,對其得以順利進(jìn)行的合法性依據(jù)應(yīng)依行為性質(zhì)不同而區(qū)別分析:器官植入行為主觀上是為挽救患者生命,客觀上其對人身帶來的侵犯是由醫(yī)療行為本身的性質(zhì)所決定,所以不具備社會危害性,是合法行為;器官摘除行為中,醫(yī)方得到受害者同意,所以器官摘除行為能阻卻違法性。器官移植中器官的來源主要有活體捐獻(xiàn)器官和尸體器官兩種,捐獻(xiàn)人捐獻(xiàn)器官的協(xié)議與普通贈與合同存在多方面差異,需要法律加以特殊規(guī)定。為了解決器官來源緊缺的問題,法律可以設(shè)置一定的激勵措施鼓勵人們捐獻(xiàn)器官,并對腦死亡標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行規(guī)定。 我國器官移植技術(shù)起步較晚,相關(guān)民事立法尚不完善,存在一定缺陷,建議從以下方面進(jìn)行改進(jìn):如對捐獻(xiàn)人的撤銷權(quán)加以限制、嚴(yán)格規(guī)定器官移植的條件、明確器官移植中各主體的權(quán)利義務(wù)、加強(qiáng)對特殊主體的權(quán)益保護(hù)、確立腦死亡標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
[Abstract]:From the legal point of view, organ transplantation refers to the mutual independence of organ transplantation, which is composed of organ donors' donation, organ removal assistance by specialized medical institutions, and the treatment of implanted organs for medical purposes. Interconnected associative behavior. Organ transplantation is a complex technique involving law, medicine, From the angle of civil and commercial law, analyzing the civil law problems of organ transplantation is helpful to ensure the healthy development of organ transplantation technology in our country and protect people's legitimate rights and interests of life. The primary problem caused by organ transplantation is the legal status of human organs, depending on the physical state of the organs. Their legal status should be treated differently: living organs should be regarded as "carriers of personality"; organs and cadaveric organs that have been disconnected from the human body should be regarded as a special object... the act of organ transplantation has benefited many patients, but because of its nature, it is determined by its nature, In the process of implementation, the donor and the recipient will be damaged to a certain extent, and the legal basis for its smooth progress should be analyzed according to the nature of the behavior: the organ implantation behavior is subjective to save the patient's life. Objectively speaking, its violation of the person is determined by the nature of the medical act itself, so it is not harmful to society and is a lawful act. In the removal of organs, the medical side obtains the consent of the victim. In organ transplantation, there are two main sources of organs: living donor organs and cadaveric organs. There are many differences between the agreement of donor organ donation and the general donation contract. In order to solve the problem of organ shortage, the law can set up some incentives to encourage people to donate organs and regulate the standard of brain death. The technology of organ transplantation in our country started late, the relevant civil legislation is not perfect, and there are some defects. It is suggested that the following aspects should be improved: for example, to restrict the right of cancellation of donor, to strictly stipulate the conditions of organ transplantation, Make clear the rights and obligations of all subjects in organ transplantation, strengthen the protection of the rights and interests of special subjects, and establish the standard of brain death.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D922.16

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 邾立軍;器官移植民法基本問題研究[D];復(fù)旦大學(xué);2010年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前4條

1 李紅濤;人體器官移植相關(guān)法律問題研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2011年

2 王雪;人體器官的物權(quán)屬性[D];天津商業(yè)大學(xué);2012年

3 蔣抗亢;我國器官移植補(bǔ)償模式法律問題研究[D];湖南師范大學(xué);2012年

4 孔潔瓊;論人體器官捐贈者的自己決定權(quán)[D];山東大學(xué);2012年

，

本文編號：1520771