本文關(guān)鍵詞： 海難救助 國(guó)家主管機(jī)關(guān) 強(qiáng)制救助 救助報(bào)酬　出處：《大連海事大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：海難救助一直是海商法之中特有的制度,隨著這一制度的發(fā)展,國(guó)家主管機(jī)關(guān)也成為了海難救助的主體。但國(guó)家主管機(jī)關(guān)作為一個(gè)具有公權(quán)力的主體,在介入和實(shí)施海難救助行為的時(shí)候,產(chǎn)生了諸多與傳統(tǒng)救助不同之處。這些不同也引起了國(guó)家主管機(jī)關(guān)海難救助的一些問題,這些問題常使得國(guó)家主管機(jī)關(guān)的海難救助在報(bào)酬請(qǐng)求權(quán)的取得上產(chǎn)生爭(zhēng)議,并發(fā)生不必要的訴訟,降低行政的效率,產(chǎn)生浪費(fèi)。為了解決這些問題,本文從以下幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了探討： 第一章,從國(guó)家主管機(jī)關(guān)海難救助的內(nèi)涵、特點(diǎn)、介入方式以及國(guó)內(nèi)外立法等方面對(duì)國(guó)家主管機(jī)關(guān)海難救助進(jìn)行概述。 第二章,對(duì)國(guó)家主管機(jī)關(guān)海難救助的性質(zhì)進(jìn)行分析,對(duì)比分析了傳統(tǒng)海難救助的性質(zhì),提出了海難救助的本質(zhì)是“創(chuàng)造并分割額外價(jià)值”的觀點(diǎn),并以此作為理論基礎(chǔ)論證了國(guó)家主管機(jī)關(guān)海難救助幾種形式的性質(zhì)。 第三章,主要分析國(guó)家主管機(jī)關(guān)的海難救助在不同情形下的法律關(guān)系,對(duì)國(guó)家主管機(jī)關(guān)海難救助各形式下各方的法律地位進(jìn)行分析,并明確了國(guó)家主管機(jī)關(guān)及其他救助參與人的權(quán)利與義務(wù)。 第四章,將國(guó)家主管機(jī)關(guān)海難救助的報(bào)酬請(qǐng)求權(quán)作為此章的核心問題,并分情況對(duì)主管機(jī)關(guān)的報(bào)酬請(qǐng)求權(quán)及相關(guān)問題進(jìn)行了論述,并分析了確認(rèn)主管機(jī)關(guān)報(bào)酬請(qǐng)求權(quán)的原則。 第五章,結(jié)合全文的觀點(diǎn)和結(jié)論,對(duì)我國(guó)國(guó)家主管機(jī)關(guān)海難救助的立法完善和制度構(gòu)建提出觀點(diǎn),借鑒了外國(guó)相關(guān)制度,并提出了對(duì)我國(guó)法律修改和完善的建議。
[Abstract]:Salvage at sea has always been a special system in maritime law. With the development of this system, the national competent authority has become the main body of salvage at sea. In the process of getting involved in and carrying out the salvage at sea, there are many differences from the traditional salvage. These differences have also caused some problems in the rescue of the maritime disaster by the competent authorities of the state. These problems often lead to disputes over the acquisition of compensation claims by the competent national authorities for salvage at sea, and unnecessary litigation, which reduces administrative efficiency and results in waste. In order to solve these problems, This paper discusses the following aspects:. The first chapter summarizes the connotation, characteristics, methods of intervention and domestic and foreign legislation of the salvage of the national competent authority at sea. In the second chapter, the author analyzes the nature of the national competent authority's salvage at sea, compares the nature of the traditional salvage, and puts forward the viewpoint that the essence of the salvage is "creating and dividing the extra value". On the basis of this theory, the author demonstrates the nature of several forms of salvage by the competent authorities. The third chapter, mainly analyzes the legal relationship of the competent authorities in different situations, and analyzes the legal status of all parties under the various forms of shipwrecked rescue by the competent authorities of the state. It also clarifies the rights and obligations of the national authorities and other relief participants. Chapter 4th takes the compensation claim right of the competent authority for salvage at sea as the core issue of this chapter, and discusses the compensation claim right of the competent authority and its related problems according to the situation, and analyzes the principle of confirming the compensation claim right of the competent authority. Chapter 5th, combined with the views and conclusions of the full text, puts forward the views on the legislative perfection and system construction of salvage by the competent authorities of our country, draws lessons from the relevant foreign systems, and puts forward some suggestions for the amendment and perfection of the law of our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D922.294

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