本文關(guān)鍵詞： 南非 海事優(yōu)先權(quán) 海商法 《南非海事司法管轄權(quán)條例》　出處：《湘潭大學》2010年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】： 海事優(yōu)先權(quán)制度是海商法上的特有制度之一,該制度賦予了法定的優(yōu)先權(quán)人對導致優(yōu)先權(quán)糾紛事由產(chǎn)生的船舶及其他海事財產(chǎn)具有優(yōu)先受償?shù)臋?quán)利,并對調(diào)整各國海事貿(mào)易關(guān)系、促進各國航運事業(yè)發(fā)展具有重要意義。 南非共和國在歷史上曾是英國的殖民地,受此歷史因素的影響,南非于1983年頒布的《南非海事司法管轄權(quán)條例》保留了英國法在某些海商事關(guān)系中作為南非海商法的法律淵源地位,因此,除《南非海事司法管轄權(quán)條例》中有明確規(guī)定的情形外,南非的海事優(yōu)先權(quán)制度仍直接以英國的有關(guān)成文法和判例法作為法律淵源。 根據(jù)英國法的規(guī)定,海事優(yōu)先權(quán)的項目包括損害賠償、船長和船員的薪酬、船長的墊付支出、海難救助報酬、船舶抵押冒險貸款和船貨抵押貸款。南非法也遵循了英國法的規(guī)定確立了這些海事優(yōu)先權(quán)項目。另外,英國和南非學者還根據(jù)海事司法實踐中出現(xiàn)的某些海事請求權(quán)爭議歸納出一些新類型的“海事優(yōu)先權(quán)”項目。但英國或南非法律均未認可這些項目的海事請求權(quán)的優(yōu)先權(quán)效力。 而為了保障海事優(yōu)先權(quán)的實現(xiàn),《南非海事司法管轄權(quán)條例》規(guī)定了可供海事優(yōu)先權(quán)人在對物訴訟中扣押的財產(chǎn)也即海事優(yōu)先權(quán)的標的,這些標的包括引起海事優(yōu)先權(quán)產(chǎn)生的船舶、船舶的附屬物、船貨及運費收益等,以及與肇事船舶存在法定關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)船舶。同時《南非海事司法管轄權(quán)條例》也規(guī)定了海事優(yōu)先權(quán)與其他海事請求權(quán)、以及各海事優(yōu)先權(quán)之間的受償順位。 我國與南非建交以來,兩國雙邊貿(mào)易持續(xù)增長。由于中、南兩國貿(mào)易往來及我國遠洋運輸事業(yè)發(fā)展的需要,我國遠洋運輸企業(yè)在南非的業(yè)務(wù)活動逐漸增多;與此同時,我國的相關(guān)企業(yè)也必須面對南非海商法帶來的制度沖擊和影響。為此,我國有關(guān)企業(yè)和法律事務(wù)工作者應當了解和研究包括海事優(yōu)先權(quán)在內(nèi)南非的海商事法律制度,并在相關(guān)糾紛發(fā)生時能夠采取有效的措施予以應對,切實維護我國當事人在南非的合法權(quán)益。
[Abstract]:Maritime lien system is one of the unique systems in maritime law, which gives legal liens the right to receive compensation in preference to ships and other maritime property that lead to lien disputes. It is of great significance to adjust the maritime trade relations and promote the development of shipping industry. The Republic of South Africa was historically a British colony, influenced by this historical factor, The South African Maritime jurisdiction Ordinance, promulgated in 1983, retains the status of British law as the legal source of South African maritime law in certain maritime commercial relations. Except for the circumstances clearly stipulated in the South African Maritime jurisdiction Ordinance, the maritime priority system in South Africa still directly uses the relevant statute law and case law of the United Kingdom as the source of law. Under British law, items of maritime priority include damages, remuneration of the captain and crew, advance expenses of the captain, remuneration for salvage at sea, Ship Mortgage risk loan and ship cargo Mortgage loan. South African law also complies with English law to establish these maritime liens. In addition, British and South African scholars also sum up some new types of "maritime priority" items according to some maritime claims disputes in maritime judicial practice, but neither British nor South African law recognizes the priority effect of maritime claims of these items. In order to ensure the realization of maritime priority, the Maritime jurisdiction regulations of South Africa provide the subject matter of maritime priority which can be seized by a maritime priority person in rem proceedings. These include ships that give rise to maritime liens, ships' appendages, cargo and proceeds of freight, etc., The South African Maritime jurisdiction Ordinance also stipulates maritime liens and other maritime claims, and the order of compensation among maritime liens. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and South Africa, bilateral trade between the two countries has continued to grow. As a result of the trade exchanges between China and South Africa and the needs of the development of China's ocean-going transport undertakings, the business activities of Chinese ocean-going transport enterprises in South Africa have gradually increased; at the same time, The relevant enterprises of our country must also face the system impact and influence brought by South Africa's maritime law. Therefore, the relevant enterprises and legal affairs workers of our country should understand and study the maritime commercial law system of South Africa, including maritime priority. And can take effective measures to deal with the related disputes, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of our party in South Africa.
【學位授予單位】：湘潭大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：DD912.29;D947.8

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本文編號：1511577