本文關(guān)鍵詞： 老年人 行為能力欠缺 智力與體力 兩級(jí)制　出處：《華僑大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：據(jù)全國(guó)老齡委辦公室的統(tǒng)計(jì),2011年以來中國(guó)人口老齡化趨勢(shì)發(fā)展迅速,60歲以上的老年人從2010年底的1.78億增加到2013年底的2.02億。增加了老年人口2400萬,這意味著每年平均增加800萬,老年人口占總?cè)丝诘陌俜直扔?3.3%上升到14.9%,人口老齡化形勢(shì)越來越嚴(yán)峻。我國(guó)于2013年首次在《老年人權(quán)益保障法》中規(guī)定老年人的行為能力以及老年監(jiān)護(hù)問題。然而,作為一個(gè)民商法的研究者,筆者遺憾的發(fā)現(xiàn),此問題雖然被提出,但僅僅只是提到而已。我國(guó)民法對(duì)人的行為能力進(jìn)行了二分式的劃法,將自然人僅劃分為未成年人及成年人,而沒有考慮成年人的行為能力會(huì)隨著年齡的增加而日漸衰弱。判斷老年人行為能力存在欠缺的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是什么?什么情況下才算老年人喪失了“部分或全部”的行為能力?采取什么樣的方式來審查?這些問題都是我們需要討論的,它關(guān)系到我國(guó)設(shè)立老年監(jiān)護(hù)的前提和理論基礎(chǔ)。本文通過分析我國(guó)現(xiàn)有民事行為能力制度的缺陷,從行為能力的發(fā)展方向出發(fā),總結(jié)出在行為能力的發(fā)展過程中各國(guó)法律考慮的要素。同時(shí)結(jié)合現(xiàn)代各國(guó)針對(duì)老年人的改革措施,對(duì)老年人行為能力欠缺制度進(jìn)行研究,將老年人的行為能力予以劃分,在此基礎(chǔ)上構(gòu)建我國(guó)老年人行為能力制度。文章總共分為四個(gè)章節(jié),第一部分“我國(guó)現(xiàn)行自然人行為能力制度的反思”主要闡述了我國(guó)現(xiàn)在實(shí)行的自然人民事行為能力制度的基本問題,包括分類、劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及宣告制度,在此基礎(chǔ)上分析了我國(guó)現(xiàn)行民事行為能力制度在構(gòu)建老年監(jiān)護(hù)中的缺陷,從主體、劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和審查與宣告等方面入手,說明我國(guó)需要構(gòu)建包括老年人行為能力欠缺在內(nèi)的行為能力制度。第二部分“確立我國(guó)老年人行為能力欠缺制度的必要性分析”論述了該制度的構(gòu)建基礎(chǔ)�！氨匾浴敝饕ɡ夏耆酥黧w自身的特殊性、老年人行為能力與承擔(dān)責(zé)任的能力、監(jiān)護(hù)制度之間的密切聯(lián)系、老年人地位的歷史變遷、司法實(shí)踐中確定老年人行為能力特別程序案件增多的事實(shí)以及意思自由、交易秩序與安全的制度價(jià)值等方面。第三部分“老年人行為能力欠缺的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)考究”,從民事行為能力欠缺概念的羅馬法溯源談起,以歷史推移為線索,從行為能力近現(xiàn)代到當(dāng)代的發(fā)展歷程中,探討現(xiàn)今各國(guó)在判斷行為能力欠缺制度上的新理論,以供參考。第四部分“我國(guó)老年人行為能力欠缺制度的構(gòu)想”,從實(shí)體方面與程序方闡述了筆者的構(gòu)想。實(shí)體方面包括我國(guó)老年人行為能力欠缺的理論基礎(chǔ)、年齡范圍、判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、制度類型,程序方面包括個(gè)案審查制度以及認(rèn)定機(jī)構(gòu)等。
[Abstract]:According to statistics from the Office of the National elderly Commission, the trend of population aging in China has increased rapidly since 2011, from 178 million in end of 2010 to 202 million in end of 2013. The population has increased by 24 million, which means an average annual increase of 8 million. The percentage of the elderly population in the total population has increased from 13.3% to 14.9. The aging situation of the population is becoming more and more serious. In 2013, China for the first time stipulated in the Law on the Protection of the Rights and interests of the elderly the capacity of the elderly and the problem of guardianship of the elderly. As a researcher of civil and commercial law, I regret to find that although this problem has been raised, it is only mentioned. Without taking into account the behavior capacity of adults, it will become weaker with the increase of age. What is the criterion to judge the deficiency of the behavior ability of the elderly? What are the circumstances under which older persons are incapacitated "in part or in whole"? What is the approach to review? All these problems need to be discussed, which are related to the premise and theoretical basis of establishing the guardianship of the elderly in China. This paper analyzes the defects of the existing system of civil capacity in China and proceeds from the direction of the development of the capacity of conduct. Summing up the elements of each country's legal consideration in the course of the development of behavior capacity. At the same time, combining with the reform measures of modern countries for the elderly, this paper studies the system of the old people's behavior capacity deficiency, and divides the old people's behavior ability into two parts. On the basis of this, the author constructs the behavioral capacity system of the elderly in China. The article is divided into four chapters. The first part, "reflection on the current system of natural person's capacity to act", mainly expounds the basic problems of the system of civil capacity of natural person, including classification, classification standard and declaration system. On this basis, this paper analyzes the defects of the current civil capacity system in the construction of elder guardianship, starting from the aspects of subject, standard of division, examination and declaration, etc. The second part, "the necessity analysis of establishing the system of the incapacity of the elderly in our country", discusses the foundation of the construction of the system. Sex mainly includes the particularity of the main body of the elderly, The close link between the capacity of the elderly and their ability to assume responsibility, the close link between the guardianship system, the historical changes in the status of the elderly, the fact that the number of cases of special procedures for the capacity of the elderly has increased in judicial practice, and the freedom of meaning, The third part, "the criteria for judging the incapacity of the elderly", starts from the Roman law of the concept of lack of civil capacity, and takes the passage of history as a clue. In the course of development from modern to contemporary behavior capacity, this paper discusses the new theory of judging the lack of behavior capacity system in various countries. For reference. 4th part of "the concept of the system of our country's elderly people's behavioral capacity deficiency", elaborated the author's idea from the entity aspect and the procedure side. The entity aspect includes the theory foundation, the age range of our country's senior citizen's behavioral capacity insufficiency. The judgment standard, the system type, the procedure aspect includes the case examination system as well as the confirmation organization and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華僑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D923.1

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本文編號(hào)：1501027