【摘要】：四川彭州烏木案因其價(jià)值巨大在社會(huì)上引起了普遍的關(guān)注,但我國現(xiàn)行法律并未對(duì)烏木這一特殊產(chǎn)物予以定性,因此針對(duì)烏木的歸屬問題一時(shí)間成了媒體之熱、學(xué)者之爭、法院之難、百姓之苦。本文以較為典型的四川彭州烏木案件為例為背景,從烏木的性質(zhì)著手分析,收集和列舉了一些關(guān)于烏木法律屬性和歸屬的各方不同觀點(diǎn),從民法、物權(quán)法甚至法理學(xué)相關(guān)理論、通過案例分析、文獻(xiàn)分析等方法探究發(fā)現(xiàn)在我國當(dāng)前法律體系下解決烏木歸屬問題所面臨的困境,進(jìn)而提出可行性對(duì)策。首先是詳細(xì)分析了典型的烏木案例糾紛,根據(jù)四川彭州吳高亮案,對(duì)烏木這一特殊產(chǎn)物的形成過程和價(jià)值做一詳細(xì)的介紹,對(duì)案件進(jìn)行了重新的回顧。在理論層面結(jié)合我國現(xiàn)階段的法律制度結(jié)合外國立法,對(duì)烏木的屬性和文物、礦產(chǎn)資源、埋藏物、天然孳息、無主物一一比較,尋找可適用的法律法規(guī)、規(guī)章等。烏木所有權(quán)歸屬問題總結(jié)現(xiàn)存的三大立場,一方面是以政府為代表的國有說,另一方面是以個(gè)人和網(wǎng)民為代表的私有說,最后是得出以中立說為解決當(dāng)前局面和困境的重要立場。通過前文的對(duì)比,對(duì)烏木的屬性規(guī)則從法學(xué)三個(gè)相關(guān)原則入手對(duì)其歸屬做更深一步的分析,首先是權(quán)利義務(wù)相一致原則來探討由吳高亮取得烏木所有權(quán)的不合理性,二是公平原則的適用對(duì)于解決烏木案糾紛具有現(xiàn)實(shí)的指導(dǎo)意義,三是政府行政堅(jiān)持誠實(shí)信用原則。本著更好的保護(hù)烏木這種稀有資源,本文也提出可行性的對(duì)策和建議,例如如何完善相關(guān)立法(先占制度的確立必要性)、給予發(fā)現(xiàn)者獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)等意見和建議。通過前文分析筆者得出烏木為無主物以及在可操作范圍內(nèi)國家、集體、個(gè)人三方共有為權(quán)宜之計(jì)的結(jié)論。對(duì)烏木案涉及的包括其自身的性質(zhì)、已有的法律制度和相關(guān)法律條文、法學(xué)理論進(jìn)行研究具有重要意義,特別是在當(dāng)前地下發(fā)現(xiàn)物歸屬矛盾糾紛越來越多,而且步步升級(jí)的情況下。弄清烏木等地下發(fā)現(xiàn)物的歸屬問題,有助于健全我國的民法、物權(quán)法體系,為社會(huì)主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì)法律制度的完善提供有益的意見和建議。
[Abstract]:The Wumu case in Pengzhou, Sichuan Province, has aroused widespread concern in the society because of its great value, but the current law of our country does not characterize the special product of black wood, so it has become a media fever and a struggle of scholars for a time to solve the problem of the ownership of black wood. The difficulty of the court is the suffering of the people. Based on the typical black wood case in Pengzhou, Sichuan Province, this paper analyzes the nature of black wood, collects and enumerates some different viewpoints about the legal attribute and ownership of black wood, from the civil law, property law and even relevant theories of jurisprudence. Through case analysis, literature analysis and other methods, it is found that the dilemma of solving the problem of black wood ownership under the current legal system of our country is found, and then the feasible countermeasures are put forward. First of all, the typical black wood case disputes are analyzed in detail. According to the Wuxiu case of Pengzhou, Sichuan Province, the formation process and value of this special product are introduced in detail, and the case is reviewed again. At the theoretical level, combined with the current legal system of our country combined with foreign legislation, the attributes and cultural relics of black wood, mineral resources, buried objects, natural fruits, no main objects are compared one by one, and the applicable laws, regulations and regulations are found. The ownership of black wood summarizes the three existing positions. On the one hand, the state represented by the government says, on the other hand, it is the private theory represented by individuals and netizens. Finally, the important position of taking neutrality theory as the solution to the current situation and predicament is obtained. Through the comparison of the above, this paper makes a deeper analysis of the attribute rules of black wood from the three relevant principles of law, first of all, the principle of consistency of rights and obligations to explore the irrationality of obtaining the ownership of black wood by Wu Liang. Second, the application of the principle of fairness has practical guiding significance for the settlement of disputes in Wumu case, and third, the government administration adheres to the principle of good faith. In order to better protect the rare resources of black wood, this paper also puts forward feasible countermeasures and suggestions, such as how to improve the relevant legislation (the necessity of the establishment of the preemptive system), to reward the inventors and so on. Through the previous analysis, the author draws the conclusion that black wood is no main object and that the country, the collective and the individual are the expedient measures in the operable range. It is of great significance to study the Wumu case, including its own nature, the existing legal system and the relevant legal provisions, and the legal theory, especially in the current underground discovery of contradictions and disputes over the ownership of things. And step by step upgrade. It is helpful to perfect the civil law and property law system of our country and provide useful opinions and suggestions for the perfection of the legal system of socialist market economy.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D923.2

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本文編號(hào)：2493030