情事變更原則在建設工程施工合同中的適用
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-17 22:04
【摘要】：近年來,在城市化進程的影響下,我國建筑行業(yè)以迅猛速度發(fā)展。與此同時,經(jīng)濟市場中充斥著眾多不穩(wěn)定因素,使得合同成立的客觀基礎在合同履行過程中往往會發(fā)生重大變化,繼續(xù)履行合同可能會造成合同當事人之間的利益嚴重失衡。在此背景之下,情事變更原則在我國以司法解釋的形式得以確立。情事變更原則具有高度抽象性,不同類型合同適用該原則的基礎不盡相同,本文只選取一類合同,即建設工程施工合同進行研究。本文從建設工程施工合同自身的特殊性和復雜性入手,分析情事變更原則在該類合同中適用的必要性。列舉在建設工程施工合同中可能引起情事變更原則適用的風險類型。對采用不同計價方式的建設工程施工合同適用情事變更原則的可能性進行分析。重點研究情事變更原則在具體適用過程中存在的困境并提出解決辦法。細化情事變更原則在建設工程施工合同中的適用原則及標準。除引言之外,文章由四部分組成:第一部分分析情事變更原則在建設工程施工合同中適用的必要性。情事變更原則的確立有其必然性,作為一項具體法律原則,是由誠實信用原則發(fā)展而來,是對契約嚴守原則的補充。由于建設工程施工合同履約時間長,合同履行過程中易受外界因素影響,建材市場不穩(wěn)定以及建筑企業(yè)風險承受能力弱等原因,使得建設工程施工合同的成立基礎在合同履行過程中時常會發(fā)生變化,適用情事變更原則極具必要性。第二部分對可能引起建設工程施工合同成立基礎變化的風險進行類型化分析,通過該分析可以發(fā)現(xiàn)情事變更與不可抗力、商業(yè)風險以及顯失公平的概念具有相似性,容易被混淆,因此進一步分析它們之間的區(qū)別。由于建設工程施工合同往往采用不同的計價方式,這也會影響情事變更原則的適用,對其進行分析也是類型化分析的一部分。建設工程施工合同可能存在的風險類型主要有:不可抗力,原材料價格和勞務費用變動,工地異常狀況以及政策、法律法規(guī)變化。情事變更與不可抗力區(qū)別的關(guān)鍵在于不可抗力事由造成的結(jié)果不同。不可預見并不能承受的風險和可以預見但不能承受的風險應當屬于情事變更,不可預見但可承受的風險和可預見也可承受的風險是商業(yè)風險。情事變更與顯失公平的區(qū)別主要在于當事人的主觀態(tài)度。不同計價方式的建設施工合同均有適用情事變更原則的空間,但以固定價格合同為主。第三部分從六個方面分析建設工程施工合同適用情事變更原則的困境,包括:司法實踐中對情事變更原則的適用不應過于保守;當事人不能約定排除情事變更原則的適用;無效的建設工程施工合同不能適用情事變更原則;因為招標和投標程序的特殊性,建設工程施工合同適用情事變更原則應以合同內(nèi)容的確定為標準,而非合同成立;分擔因適用情事變更原則而引發(fā)的損失時,應當考慮雙方的實際損失和收益;情事變更應當構(gòu)成免責事由。第四部分在前一部分分析的基礎之上,明確情事變更原則在建設工程施工合同中的適用標準:第一,須有情事變更情形的發(fā)生,在建設工程施工合同中主要是指建材價格、勞務費用上漲和政策變化;第二,由于招標和投標程序的特殊性,情事變更發(fā)生在建設工程施工合同內(nèi)容確定(即招標文件規(guī)定的提交投標文件截止日)之后履行完畢以前;第三,情事變更的發(fā)生不可歸責于任何一方當事人,如因一方原因造成工程遲延,延遲期間發(fā)生情事變更的,不適用該原則;第四,情事變更是當事人在合同內(nèi)容確定之時無法遇見的;第五繼續(xù)履行合同會造成顯失公平的后果。
[Abstract]:In recent years, under the influence of the urbanization process, China's construction industry has developed rapidly. At the same time, there are many destabilizing factors in the economic market, so that the objective basis of the contract formation tends to change significantly during the performance of the contract, and the contract may result in a serious imbalance between the parties. Under this background, the principle of change change is established in the form of judicial interpretation in our country. The principle of non-event change is highly abstract, and the foundation of the application of different types of contract is not the same, and only one kind of contract is selected in this paper, i.e. the construction contract of construction project is studied. This paper starts with the particularity and complexity of the construction contract itself, and analyzes the necessity of applying the change principle in this kind of contract. List the type of risk applicable to the principle of change of circumstances that may be caused in the construction contract of the construction project. This paper analyzes the possibility of applying the change principle of the construction contract applicable to different valuation methods. The paper focuses on the plight of the principle of the change of key research in the process of application and puts forward a solution. The principle and standard of application of the principle of change change in the construction contract of construction project. In addition to the introduction, the article consists of four parts: the necessity of application of the principle of change of the first part in the construction contract of the construction project. The establishment of the principle of the change of the event has its inevitability, as a specific legal principle, which is developed by the principle of good faith and is a supplement to the principle of strict adherence to the contract. As the contract performance time of the construction project is long, the contract performance process is easy to be influenced by external factors, the market instability and the weak risk tolerance of the construction enterprises, so that the foundation of the construction contract changes frequently during the performance of the contract, The principle of application change is very necessary. The second part analyzes the risk that may cause the foundation change of the construction contract of the construction project. Through this analysis, it can be found that the concept of event change and force majeure, commercial risk and obvious distortion is similar, and it is easy to be confused. thus further analyzing the differences between them. Because construction contracts often use different valuation methods, this will also affect the application of the principle of change change, and the analysis is also part of the analysis. The types of risks that may exist in the construction contract of the construction project include force majeure, changes in raw materials prices and labor costs, abnormal conditions of the construction site, and changes in policies and laws and regulations. The key to the difference between the change of the event and the force majeure is that the result of the force majeure is different. The risks that are not foreseeable and cannot be borne and the risks that can be foreseen but not borne shall be subject to change of circumstances, unforeseen but affordable risks and foreseeable and foreseeable risks are commercial risks. The difference between the change of the event and the fair is mainly due to the subjective attitude of the parties. The construction contract with different valuation methods has the space applicable to the change principle, but the fixed price contract is the main contract. The third part analyzes the dilemma of the principle of the change of the application of the construction contract from six aspects, including: the application of the principle of change in the judicial practice should not be too conservative; The invalid construction contract cannot apply the change principle; because of the particularity of the bidding and bidding procedures, the principle of change in the application of construction contract shall be based on the determination of the contract content, not the contract establishment; In the event of losses arising from the principle of change of applicable circumstances, the actual losses and benefits of both parties shall be taken into account; and the change of circumstances shall constitute a subject matter of exemption. The fourth part is based on the previous part of the analysis, and the application standard of the principle of the change of the change in the construction contract of the construction project: First, the occurrence of the circumstance of the change of the event is necessary, and in the construction contract of the construction mainly refers to the price of the goods, the increase in the labor cost and the change of the policy; and the second, Due to the particularity of the bidding and bidding procedures, the change of the circumstances occurs before the construction contract content is determined (i.e. the deadline for submission of the bidding document as stipulated in the Bidding Document); and thirdly, the occurrence of the event change cannot be imputed to any party, If the construction delay is caused by one party, the change of the circumstances during the delay period shall not apply the principle; and fourthly, the change of the event is not met when the party determines it in the contract content; and the fifth continuation of the contract will result in the consequences of fair and unfair.
【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D923.6
本文編號：2278152
[Abstract]:In recent years, under the influence of the urbanization process, China's construction industry has developed rapidly. At the same time, there are many destabilizing factors in the economic market, so that the objective basis of the contract formation tends to change significantly during the performance of the contract, and the contract may result in a serious imbalance between the parties. Under this background, the principle of change change is established in the form of judicial interpretation in our country. The principle of non-event change is highly abstract, and the foundation of the application of different types of contract is not the same, and only one kind of contract is selected in this paper, i.e. the construction contract of construction project is studied. This paper starts with the particularity and complexity of the construction contract itself, and analyzes the necessity of applying the change principle in this kind of contract. List the type of risk applicable to the principle of change of circumstances that may be caused in the construction contract of the construction project. This paper analyzes the possibility of applying the change principle of the construction contract applicable to different valuation methods. The paper focuses on the plight of the principle of the change of key research in the process of application and puts forward a solution. The principle and standard of application of the principle of change change in the construction contract of construction project. In addition to the introduction, the article consists of four parts: the necessity of application of the principle of change of the first part in the construction contract of the construction project. The establishment of the principle of the change of the event has its inevitability, as a specific legal principle, which is developed by the principle of good faith and is a supplement to the principle of strict adherence to the contract. As the contract performance time of the construction project is long, the contract performance process is easy to be influenced by external factors, the market instability and the weak risk tolerance of the construction enterprises, so that the foundation of the construction contract changes frequently during the performance of the contract, The principle of application change is very necessary. The second part analyzes the risk that may cause the foundation change of the construction contract of the construction project. Through this analysis, it can be found that the concept of event change and force majeure, commercial risk and obvious distortion is similar, and it is easy to be confused. thus further analyzing the differences between them. Because construction contracts often use different valuation methods, this will also affect the application of the principle of change change, and the analysis is also part of the analysis. The types of risks that may exist in the construction contract of the construction project include force majeure, changes in raw materials prices and labor costs, abnormal conditions of the construction site, and changes in policies and laws and regulations. The key to the difference between the change of the event and the force majeure is that the result of the force majeure is different. The risks that are not foreseeable and cannot be borne and the risks that can be foreseen but not borne shall be subject to change of circumstances, unforeseen but affordable risks and foreseeable and foreseeable risks are commercial risks. The difference between the change of the event and the fair is mainly due to the subjective attitude of the parties. The construction contract with different valuation methods has the space applicable to the change principle, but the fixed price contract is the main contract. The third part analyzes the dilemma of the principle of the change of the application of the construction contract from six aspects, including: the application of the principle of change in the judicial practice should not be too conservative; The invalid construction contract cannot apply the change principle; because of the particularity of the bidding and bidding procedures, the principle of change in the application of construction contract shall be based on the determination of the contract content, not the contract establishment; In the event of losses arising from the principle of change of applicable circumstances, the actual losses and benefits of both parties shall be taken into account; and the change of circumstances shall constitute a subject matter of exemption. The fourth part is based on the previous part of the analysis, and the application standard of the principle of the change of the change in the construction contract of the construction project: First, the occurrence of the circumstance of the change of the event is necessary, and in the construction contract of the construction mainly refers to the price of the goods, the increase in the labor cost and the change of the policy; and the second, Due to the particularity of the bidding and bidding procedures, the change of the circumstances occurs before the construction contract content is determined (i.e. the deadline for submission of the bidding document as stipulated in the Bidding Document); and thirdly, the occurrence of the event change cannot be imputed to any party, If the construction delay is caused by one party, the change of the circumstances during the delay period shall not apply the principle; and fourthly, the change of the event is not met when the party determines it in the contract content; and the fifth continuation of the contract will result in the consequences of fair and unfair.
【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D923.6
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