【摘要】：我國《繼承法》是1985年頒布實(shí)施的,其制定于計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)年代,由于受歷史和認(rèn)識(shí)等諸多因素的局限,以及民事立法客觀上存在“宜粗不宜細(xì)”的指導(dǎo)思想,導(dǎo)致這部法律的規(guī)定和內(nèi)容過于原則化和粗糙。該部法律頒布以來一直沒有修訂,且最高人民法院關(guān)于貫徹執(zhí)行《中華人民共和國繼承法》若干問題的意見(簡稱：貫徹執(zhí)行《繼承法》的意見)自1985年9月11日施行以來,亦沒有發(fā)布新的司法解釋。隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和《物權(quán)法》的頒布,以及社會(huì)生活和經(jīng)濟(jì)交往的日益復(fù)雜化,《繼承法》已無法滿足保護(hù)公民私有財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)益的需求,尤其我國《繼承法》沒有建立完善的遺囑執(zhí)行制度,使得諸多遺囑無法按照遺囑人的真實(shí)意思實(shí)現(xiàn),無法充分發(fā)揮遺產(chǎn)效能,更不能有效解決有關(guān)遺囑繼承糾紛。本文通過研究、分析遺囑執(zhí)行人的價(jià)值、資格、產(chǎn)生方式等,結(jié)合我國遺囑執(zhí)行人制度的現(xiàn)狀和存在的問題,借鑒國外和其他地區(qū)的經(jīng)驗(yàn),為完善我國遺囑執(zhí)行人制度及《民法典》·繼承篇提供參考。本文共分五個(gè)部分：第一部分,導(dǎo)入案例與問題的提出。通過設(shè)計(jì)、分析案例,對欠缺遺囑執(zhí)行人的情形下,可能出現(xiàn)哪些問題進(jìn)行羅列并簡要提出處理方法,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)出構(gòu)建和完善遺囑執(zhí)行人制度的重要性和必要性。第二部分,遺囑執(zhí)行人制度的價(jià)值。首先介紹學(xué)者們對遺囑執(zhí)行人制度有關(guān)概念不同的表述,然后對遺囑執(zhí)行人制度之有關(guān)概念作出自己的界定。其次分析、評價(jià)了不同學(xué)者對遺囑執(zhí)行人法律地位的主張,并對遺囑執(zhí)行人之法律地位提出自己的看法。最后介紹了遺囑執(zhí)行人制度的歷史沿革以及構(gòu)建遺囑執(zhí)行人制度的價(jià)值。第三部分,遺囑執(zhí)行人制度的比較考察。通過分析、比較我國香港、澳門、臺(tái)灣地區(qū)及其他國家的遺囑執(zhí)行人制度以及遺囑信托制度的相同點(diǎn)和不同點(diǎn),為完善我國遺囑執(zhí)行人法律制度提供參考。第四部分,遺囑執(zhí)行人的產(chǎn)生。從遺囑執(zhí)行人的資格、產(chǎn)生方式以及遺囑執(zhí)行人的任職與拒絕方面,闡述了哪些機(jī)構(gòu)和人員可以作為遺囑執(zhí)行人,遺囑執(zhí)行人產(chǎn)生的一般方式和特殊方式,以及遺囑執(zhí)行人接受任職或拒絕就職的表示方式。第五部分,遺囑執(zhí)行人的權(quán)利、義務(wù)、責(zé)任。全面介紹了各學(xué)者及各個(gè)國家和地區(qū)關(guān)于遺囑執(zhí)行人權(quán)利、義務(wù)和責(zé)任內(nèi)容的總結(jié),并逐一加以分析、闡釋及提出自己的觀點(diǎn),最終展現(xiàn)出遺囑執(zhí)行人應(yīng)享有哪些權(quán)利、履行哪些義務(wù)、應(yīng)承擔(dān)什么責(zé)任。
[Abstract]:The inheritance Law of our country was promulgated and implemented in 1985. It was formulated in the planned economy era. Because of the limitation of history and cognition, and the existence of the guiding ideology of "should be coarse rather than detailed" objectively in civil legislation. The provisions and contents of this law are too principled and crude. The Law has not been amended since its promulgation, and the opinions of the Supreme people's Court on the implementation of the succession Law of the people's Republic of China (abbreviated as "opinions on the implementation of the inheritance Law") have been in force since 11 September 1985. Nor has a new judicial interpretation been issued. With the development of Chinese economy and the promulgation of Real right Law, as well as the increasing complexity of social life and economic exchanges, the inheritance Law has been unable to meet the needs of protecting the private property rights and interests of citizens. Especially, China's inheritance Law has not established a perfect testamentary execution system, which makes many wills can not be realized according to the testator's true intention, can not give full play to the efficiency of the inheritance, and can not effectively resolve the disputes about testamentary succession. Through the research, this paper analyzes the value, qualification, production mode of the executor, combining with the present situation and existing problems of the executor system in our country, drawing lessons from the experience of foreign countries and other regions. It provides reference for perfecting the system of executor and succession of Civil Code in China. This paper is divided into five parts: the first part, the introduction of cases and questions raised. By designing and analyzing cases, this paper lists the possible problems in the absence of executors, and puts forward briefly the methods to deal with them, and then deduces the importance and necessity of constructing and perfecting the executor system. The second part, the value of executor system. This paper first introduces the different definitions of executor system by scholars, and then defines the concept of executor system. Secondly, it evaluates the opinions of different scholars on the legal status of executors, and puts forward their own views on the legal status of executors. Finally, it introduces the history of executor system and the value of constructing executor system. The third part, the comparative investigation of executor system. Through the analysis, the author compares the executor system and the testamentary trust system in Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and other countries, and provides reference for perfecting the legal system of executor in our country. The fourth part, the generation of executor. From the aspects of the qualification of executor, the way of producing and the appointment and rejection of executor, this paper expounds which organizations and personnel can be used as executor, the general way and special way of producing executor. And the manner in which the executor accepts office or refuses to take office. The fifth part, the executor's rights, obligations and responsibilities. This paper introduces the summarization of the content of the executor's rights, duties and responsibilities by various scholars and countries and regions, and analyzes it one by one, explains and puts forward his own views, and finally shows what rights the executor should enjoy. What are the obligations to be fulfilled, and what are the responsibilities to be assumed?
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D923.5

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