【摘要】：民間借貸利率時(shí)刻反映著民間借貸供求關(guān)系,為避免經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)蕩國(guó)內(nèi)外立法者都對(duì)民間借貸利率進(jìn)行規(guī)制。同樣,我國(guó)為抑制90年代初的“金融三亂”,確立了“四倍紅線”民間借貸利率規(guī)制1,其標(biāo)志著政府對(duì)民間金融市場(chǎng)的監(jiān)管,本質(zhì)上屬于公權(quán)對(duì)于私權(quán)的一種干預(yù),該立法措施對(duì)于當(dāng)年的金融秩序、金融體系穩(wěn)定起到了一定積極作用。不可否認(rèn),民間借貸作為一種簡(jiǎn)單便捷的融資方式在解決個(gè)人、中小企業(yè)資金需要方面發(fā)揮了非常便利的作用。遺憾的是,隨著我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅猛發(fā)展,四倍利率法律規(guī)制體系逐漸顯現(xiàn)出諸多缺陷,其在立法層面與司法層面皆有弊端,表明其一刀切制度已經(jīng)不能夠適應(yīng)當(dāng)今市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)。因此,如何完善我國(guó)民間借貸利率規(guī)制、如何制定出合理的利率標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、怎樣加強(qiáng)對(duì)民間借貸利率的有效監(jiān)管等問題成為我國(guó)民間借貸立法亟需解決的重要問題,并且我國(guó)關(guān)于民間借貸利率的法律解讀還存在諸多爭(zhēng)議與分歧需要厘清。所以筆者認(rèn)為該選題具有較強(qiáng)的實(shí)踐意義與理論意義,其能夠引導(dǎo)和規(guī)范民間借貸行為,并減少借貸糾紛案件的發(fā)生,無論在立法層面還是司法實(shí)踐中對(duì)該選題作進(jìn)一步深入研究是十分有必要的。本文除引言和結(jié)論外,共分為四個(gè)部分對(duì)文章展開論述。第一部分,民間借貸利率規(guī)制的基本理論與現(xiàn)狀。首先,民間借貸內(nèi)涵界定在學(xué)界爭(zhēng)議較大,且常常與“地下金融”相混淆。本文對(duì)民間借貸的內(nèi)涵界定主要從廣義說和狹義說兩種主流觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析。在界定民間借貸基本概念基礎(chǔ)上,著重深入分析民間借貸利率的基本概念和主要特征,研究得出利率是沒有統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),其受到借貸期限、供求關(guān)系、借貸利率、資金用途、借貸對(duì)象的影響。此外,從我國(guó)立法角度出發(fā),對(duì)現(xiàn)行利率規(guī)制法律規(guī)制予以分析、探究,雖然我國(guó)已經(jīng)對(duì)借貸利率作出一定程度的規(guī)制,但該立法仍散見于不同部門法的不同條文,其制定主體不同,效力位階也不同,缺乏統(tǒng)一的專門立法,逐漸暴露出諸多弊端。第二部分,現(xiàn)行民間借貸利率規(guī)制的弊端及原因分析。依據(jù)自由、公平、效率、秩序基本價(jià)值,對(duì)我國(guó)現(xiàn)行民間借貸利率規(guī)制的弊端作出法理上的考量。其次,因現(xiàn)行立法的松散性,在司法實(shí)踐中,對(duì)利率立法解讀的分歧、被告到庭難、審查證據(jù)難、事實(shí)認(rèn)定難等問題都嚴(yán)重阻礙民間借貸合同糾紛的有效解決。筆者分析認(rèn)為其產(chǎn)生諸多弊端的原因?yàn)榉梢?guī)范不統(tǒng)一、法律的嚴(yán)重滯后性、法律條文之間的規(guī)定相互沖突。由此可見,已經(jīng)嚴(yán)重與社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)生活不適應(yīng)的現(xiàn)行法律法規(guī)是立法者亟需完善的重點(diǎn),所以施行時(shí)間如此之長(zhǎng)的借貸利率法律法規(guī)也應(yīng)當(dāng)退出法律的歷史舞臺(tái)。第三部分,域外民間借貸利率立法的比較法考察�？v觀各國(guó)對(duì)民間借貸利率的立法措施可以大致劃分為三種典型立法模式:事前確立利率上限標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、事后發(fā)揮法官自由裁量權(quán)去甄別借貸性質(zhì)以及事前公布浮動(dòng)利率上限標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并加以事后矯正機(jī)制。在充分分析以上各種立法措施優(yōu)勢(shì)及劣勢(shì)后,筆者認(rèn)為通過專門的立法調(diào)整民間借貸活動(dòng);通過立法明確民間借貸利率的上限;政府為主積極引導(dǎo),民、刑結(jié)合有效規(guī)制;在司法上通過主客觀雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)綜合認(rèn)定高利貸行為等立法啟示對(duì)我國(guó)現(xiàn)行立法具有重大借鑒意義。第四部分,完善我國(guó)民間借貸利率法律規(guī)制的建議。通過對(duì)民間借貸利率現(xiàn)行立法所面臨的困境分析后,筆者結(jié)合我國(guó)司法制度特點(diǎn)從立法、司法、執(zhí)法角度中提出完善我國(guó)民間借貸法律規(guī)制的三點(diǎn)建議:一,立法上建立系統(tǒng)的利率上限分類制度。由于我國(guó)各地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不平衡,不同民間借貸行為法律關(guān)系較為復(fù)雜,因此,我國(guó)應(yīng)該采取民、刑分流的模式在立法層面對(duì)民間借貸利率進(jìn)行規(guī)范;二,司法中發(fā)揮法官能動(dòng)性保護(hù)當(dāng)事人合法權(quán)益。民間借貸案件自身的復(fù)雜性要求法官深入而全面地把握案件的各項(xiàng)事實(shí)以及對(duì)民間借貸利率全部法律法規(guī)有著清晰的認(rèn)識(shí)因此在實(shí)踐中法官應(yīng)靈活變通審查內(nèi)容,在職權(quán)范圍內(nèi)擴(kuò)大審查范圍,彰顯對(duì)雙方公平正義的原則;三,執(zhí)法上建立民間借貸利率的政府指導(dǎo)機(jī)制。在執(zhí)法層面,需要政府發(fā)揮其對(duì)公民權(quán)利的保護(hù)作用甚至積極實(shí)現(xiàn)公民的合法利益訴求,如果政府不建立適當(dāng)?shù)拿耖g借貸指導(dǎo)機(jī)制進(jìn)行合理干預(yù),則其金融問題的背后接踵而來的就是更為嚴(yán)重的社會(huì)問題。
[Abstract]:The interest rate of private lending reflects the supply and demand relationship of private lending at all times. In order to avoid the economic turbulence, the domestic and foreign legislators are all regulating the interest rate of private lending. In order to suppress the "financial turmoil" in the early 90s, China has established a "four times red line" private lending rate regulation 1, which marks the government's supervision of the private financial market. It is a kind of interference of public power to private rights. The legislative measures have played a positive role in the financial order and the stability of the financial system. It is undeniable that as a simple and convenient way of financing, private lending plays a very convenient role in solving individual and financing needs of small and medium enterprises. Unfortunately, along with our country With the rapid development of economy, the legal regulation system of four times interest rate has gradually shown a lot of defects. It has disadvantages in both the legislative and judicial levels. It shows that the one size fits all system has not been able to adapt to the current market economy. Therefore, how to improve the regulation of the interest rate of private lending in China, such as how to make a reasonable interest rate standard, and how to strengthen the people's private interest rate. The effective supervision of the loan interest rate has become an important problem to be solved in the private lending legislation in China, and there are still many disputes and differences in the legal interpretation of the interest rate of private lending in our country. So I think the topic has strong practical and theoretical significance. In order to reduce the occurrence of the case of the loan dispute, it is necessary to further study the topic in the legislative and judicial practice. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this article is divided into four parts to discuss the article. The first part, the basic theory and present situation of the folk lending rate regulation. First, the connotation of private lending. The definition is very controversial in the academic field and often confused with the "underground finance". This paper analyzes the connotation of private lending from two main points of view in the broad sense and the narrow sense. On the basis of defining the basic concepts of private lending, the basic concept and main characteristics of the interest rate of private lending are deeply analyzed, and the interest rate is studied. There is a unified standard, which is influenced by the term of borrowing, supply and demand, the interest rate of lending, the use of funds, and the effect of the borrower. In addition, the legal regulation of current interest rate regulation is analyzed from the angle of legislation in our country. Although our country has made a certain regulation on the interest rate of lending, the legislation is still scattered in different department laws. In the second part, the shortcomings and reasons of the current regulation of the interest rate of private lending are analyzed. According to the basic value of freedom, fairness, efficiency and order, the paper makes a legal consideration of the disadvantages of the current regulation of the interest rate of private lending in our country. Because of the looseness of the current legislation, in the judicial practice, the differences in the interpretation of interest rate legislation, the difficulty of the defendant to the court, the difficulty in examining the evidence and the difficulty in identifying the facts are all seriously impeding the effective settlement of the disputes in the civil loan contract. The author thinks that the reasons for its disadvantages are the legal norm is not unified, the law is seriously lagging, the law is seriously lagging, and the law is seriously lagging. The provisions of the provisions are conflicting with each other. Thus, the existing laws and regulations which have been seriously ill adapted to the social and economic life are the key points for the legislator to be perfected. So the laws and regulations of such long borrowing and lending rates should also be withdrawn from the historical stage of the law. The third part, the comparison of the legislation of the interest rate of private lending abroad The legislative measures for the interest rate of private lending in various countries can be roughly divided into three typical legislative modes: setting up the upper limit of interest rate before the incident, giving full play to the discretion of the judge to distinguish the nature of borrowing and lending, and announding the upper limit of floating interest rate before the incident and correcting the mechanism afterwards. After the disadvantage, the author thinks that the private lending activities should be adjusted through special legislation; the upper limit of the interest rate of private lending is clearly defined by legislation; the government is the main guide, the people and the punishment combined effective regulation, and the legislative enlightenment of the usury through the subjective and objective dual standards in the judicature is of great reference to the current legislation of our country. Fourth Part of the proposal to improve the legal regulation of the interest rate of private lending in our country. After analyzing the difficulties faced by the current legislation of the private lending rate, the author puts forward three suggestions on perfecting the legal regulation of the private lending in our country from the angle of legislation, judicature and law enforcement in terms of the characteristics of our country's judicial system: first, to set up a systematic interest rate upper limit classification in legislation. System. Because of the unbalanced economic development in all regions of our country, the legal relationship of different folk lending behavior is more complicated. Therefore, our country should adopt the mode of civil and criminal distributary to standardize the interest rate of private lending in the legislative level; two, the judiciary plays the role of the judge to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties. The complexity of the private lending case itself is required. The judge has a thorough and comprehensive grasp of the facts of the case and a clear understanding of all laws and regulations on the interest rate of private lending. Therefore, in practice, the law officer should flexibly adapt the censorship, expand the scope of examination within the scope of authority, and highlight the principle of fairness and justice between the two parties; three, a government guidance machine for establishing the interest rate of private lending in law enforcement. At the level of law enforcement, the government needs the government to give full play to its protection of civil rights and even actively realize the legitimate interests of citizens. If the government does not establish appropriate private lending guidance mechanism for reasonable intervention, the following financial problems are followed by more severe social problems.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D923

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 王林清;于蒙;;管控到疏導(dǎo):我國(guó)民間借貸利率規(guī)制的路徑選擇與司法應(yīng)對(duì)[J];法律適用;2012年05期

2 鄧綱;楊娟;;民間借貸利率規(guī)制法律問題探究——從國(guó)家干預(yù)的視角[J];云南大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(法學(xué)版);2012年02期

3 劉紹奎;;關(guān)于我國(guó)民間借貸利率法律規(guī)制的思考[J];現(xiàn)代金融;2012年12期

4 夏斌;;民間借貸利率法律規(guī)制探析——以紹興市為例[J];法制與經(jīng)濟(jì)(中旬);2014年03期

5 文昭;民間借貸利率有何規(guī)定[J];農(nóng)村新技術(shù);1997年01期

6 魯妮;吳曉峰;;我國(guó)民間借貸利率問題法律研究[J];法制與經(jīng)濟(jì)(下旬);2013年08期

7 杜萬華;謝勇;;民間借貸利率的規(guī)制[J];人民司法;2013年19期

8 劉涌;對(duì)如何合理確認(rèn)民間借貸利率問題的探討[J];人民司法;1987年12期

9 張遙;岳德亮;;浙江高院院長(zhǎng)齊奇代表:建議立法提高民間借貸利率上限標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[J];法制資訊;2012年Z1期

10 廖振中;高晉康;;我國(guó)民間借貸利率管制法治進(jìn)路的檢討與選擇[J];現(xiàn)代法學(xué);2012年02期

相關(guān)重要報(bào)紙文章 前10條

1 陳建軍;溫州民間借貸利率竄升[N];市場(chǎng)報(bào);2004年

2 記者　 江海生 通訊員　 嚴(yán)長(zhǎng)松 吳海峰;人行武漢分行實(shí)施民間借貸利率定點(diǎn)監(jiān)測(cè)[N];金融時(shí)報(bào);2006年

3 楊征帆;民間借貸利率逆市上揚(yáng)[N];文匯報(bào);2006年

4 許忠寶;欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)民間借貸利率定價(jià)形成因素的分析[N];金融時(shí)報(bào);2008年

5 記者 吳勇　實(shí)習(xí)生 謝宜 通訊員 徐競(jìng);溫州民間借貸利率持續(xù)下降[N];溫州日?qǐng)?bào);2009年

6 記者 金濤;溫州民間借貸利率上揚(yáng)[N];浙江日?qǐng)?bào);2010年

7 本報(bào)記者 錢秋君;民間借貸利率陡升三倍[N];華夏時(shí)報(bào);2010年

8 黃兆隆;多數(shù)民間借貸利率低于18%[N];證券時(shí)報(bào);2011年

9 記者 陳俊嶺;民間借貸利率悄然下行 最高降幅達(dá)三成[N];上海證券報(bào);2012年

10 記者 尚啟莊;溫州首次發(fā)布民間借貸利率指數(shù)[N];中華工商時(shí)報(bào);2012年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 陳瑋;民間借貸利率法律規(guī)制研究[D];西南大學(xué);2014年

2 鄭晶;民間借貸利率管制研究[D];蘭州大學(xué);2014年

3 趙越;民間借貸利率法律問題研究[D];復(fù)旦大學(xué);2013年

4 顧定峰;民間借貸利率的法律規(guī)制[D];西南政法大學(xué);2014年

5 劉楊;我國(guó)民間借貸利率法律規(guī)制問題研究[D];西南政法大學(xué);2015年

6 高雅;民間借貸利率期限結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)態(tài)特征研究[D];浙江工商大學(xué);2013年

7 張小燕;基于不完全合約的民間借貸利率決定機(jī)制研究—溫州案例[D];浙江工商大學(xué);2013年

8 崔艷慧;民間借貸利率的規(guī)制研究[D];西南政法大學(xué);2013年

9 楊俊;論我國(guó)民間借貸利率法律規(guī)制體系的完善[D];浙江大學(xué);2013年

10 李璐名;重構(gòu)我國(guó)民間借貸利率管制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的實(shí)證研究[D];西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué);2014年

，

本文編號(hào)：2167565