【摘要】：不同法律制度對待輔助人的侵權(quán)性不當行為的方式有很大差異,為了在整體連貫的法律系統(tǒng)中確立責任的正當性,必須始終以合乎情理的方式考慮并權(quán)衡歸責的理由。在侵權(quán)法領(lǐng)域確立事務(wù)所屬人的一般嚴格責任的規(guī)則是不合理的。事務(wù)所屬人無需對其雇傭的應當獨立開展工作且未受其指示的人的所有致害行為負責。事務(wù)所屬人負責的理由可能是輔助人不稱職,也可能是活動的特殊危險性,還可能是其在選任和監(jiān)督其輔助人方面存在過錯。對那些處于重要地位并有權(quán)在事務(wù)所屬人行為范圍內(nèi)發(fā)出指令的人,事務(wù)所屬人應承擔更加嚴格的責任。此外,事務(wù)所屬人就取代人類輔助人的技術(shù)設(shè)備應類推適用輔助人規(guī)則而承擔相應責任。就行為人的責任來說,讓實際上實施了過錯行為的人承擔責任是合理的,但是,在事務(wù)所屬人破產(chǎn)或損害主要是源于活動的危險性等特殊情況下,則應當根據(jù)相關(guān)利益設(shè)計恰當?shù)慕鉀Q方案。
[Abstract]:In order to establish the legitimacy of liability in the whole coherent legal system, the reasons of imputation must always be considered and weighed in a reasonable way. It is unreasonable to establish the general strict liability of the firm in the field of tort law. The firm shall not be held responsible for all injurious acts of persons employed by them who should work independently and are not instructed by them. The reason for personal responsibility may be the incompetence of the assistant, the special risk of the activity, or the fault in the selection and supervision of the assistant. For those who are in the important position and have the right to give orders within the scope of the personal behavior of the firm, the firm should bear stricter liability. In addition, firm personnel shall be responsible for the application of the auxiliary rules by analogy for the technical equipment that replaces human auxiliaries. As far as the liability of the perpetrator is concerned, it is reasonable to hold the person who has actually committed the wrong act liable, but in exceptional cases, such as the fact that the firm is personally bankrupt or the damage is mainly attributable to the danger of the activity, Appropriate solutions should be designed in accordance with the relevant interests.
【作者單位】： 維也納大學法學院;世界侵權(quán)法學會;四川大學法學院;
【分類號】：D923

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