發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-16 15:35

【摘要】：《中華人民共和國民法通則》(以下簡稱《民法通則》)將賠禮道歉作為民事責(zé)任承擔(dān)方式之一,意味著賠禮道歉完成了從道德范疇到法律范疇的轉(zhuǎn)變,而強(qiáng)制力就是其法律性的體現(xiàn)。賠禮道歉因法律制度的規(guī)定而具有強(qiáng)制力,因訴訟中法官的判決而具有強(qiáng)制力,若不履行判決,法院可以強(qiáng)制其執(zhí)行,即因強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行而具有強(qiáng)制力。然而長久以來,我們并沒有對這種法律化了的責(zé)任承擔(dān)方式進(jìn)行普遍深入的研究,致使賠禮道歉出現(xiàn)法律制度結(jié)構(gòu)不完善,實(shí)踐應(yīng)用難等問題。現(xiàn)代社會崇尚和諧,呼吁節(jié)約訴訟資源,賠禮道歉如果能被法律所用,將能發(fā)揮其更大更積極的作用。不僅能在金錢之外給予受害人精神創(chuàng)傷的精神補(bǔ)救,亦能通過避免將糾紛激化為訴訟來有效的節(jié)約司法資源。因此,探討如何在法律中構(gòu)建賠禮道歉的相關(guān)制度,解決賠禮道歉在實(shí)踐中的相關(guān)問題就顯得尤為重要。本文將分為以下幾個(gè)部分進(jìn)行論述。首先文章對賠禮道歉責(zé)任進(jìn)行概述。即從賠禮道歉責(zé)任的內(nèi)涵,到賠禮道歉責(zé)任的特征,最后到賠禮道歉責(zé)任的功能這三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行闡述,從而對賠禮道歉有一個(gè)全面的了解。其次本文論述了民事賠禮道歉責(zé)任在立法與司法適用上存在的問題。文章先列明現(xiàn)今法律對賠禮道歉的規(guī)定,從而引出因法律制度規(guī)定的模糊引發(fā)了司法適用上的問題。最后文章在提出問題的基礎(chǔ)上對完善民事賠禮道歉責(zé)任制度做出了一些建議。如通過最高院司法解釋的方式使賠禮道歉責(zé)任更加準(zhǔn)確的適用,在執(zhí)行過程中對我國的強(qiáng)制登報(bào)制度進(jìn)行完善,最后可以建立自愿賠禮道歉的激勵(lì)制度,這樣既能達(dá)到要求侵權(quán)人賠禮道歉的目的,也能促進(jìn)社會的和諧。
[Abstract]:"General principles of Civil Law of the people's Republic of China" (hereinafter referred to as "General principles of Civil Law") regards apology as one of the ways to bear civil liability, which means that apology has completed the transformation from moral category to legal category. Coercive force is the embodiment of its legal nature. Apology has the force of compulsion because of the provisions of the legal system and the judge's judgment in the lawsuit. If the judge fails to perform the judgment, the court can enforce it, that is, it has the enforcement force because of the enforcement. However, for a long time, we have not carried out a general in-depth study of this legalized way of responsibility, resulting in imperfect legal system structure and difficult application in practice. Modern society advocates harmony, calls for saving litigation resources and apologizes if it can be used by the law, it will play a greater and more active role. It can not only provide the psychological remedy for the trauma of the victim, but also save the judicial resources effectively by avoiding to turn the dispute into litigation. Therefore, it is very important to discuss how to construct the relevant system of apology in law and to solve the related problems in practice. This article will be divided into the following parts to discuss. First of all, the article summarizes the liability for apology. That is, from the connotation of apology responsibility, to the characteristics of apology responsibility, and finally to the function of apology responsibility, there is a comprehensive understanding of apology. Secondly, this paper discusses the problems of civil apology liability in legislation and judicial application. The article first lists the provisions of the present law on apology, which leads to the problem of judicial application caused by the vagueness of the legal system. Finally, on the basis of raising questions, the article makes some suggestions to perfect the civil apology liability system. For example, by means of judicial interpretation of the Supreme Court, the responsibility of making reparations and apologizing is more accurately applied, the compulsory reporting system of our country is perfected during the implementation process, and finally, an incentive system of voluntary apology can be established. This can not only achieve the purpose of asking infringers to apologize, but also promote social harmony.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華僑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D923
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本文編號：2126838