本文選題：繼承契約 + 財產(chǎn)處分��； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：《中華人民共和國繼承法》(下文簡稱《繼承法》)頒布于1985年我國改革開放政策實(shí)行后不久,從當(dāng)前《繼承法》的內(nèi)容可以知道,當(dāng)時《繼承法》的頒布與施行依法確立了對公民私有合法財產(chǎn)進(jìn)行保護(hù)的原則,激發(fā)了公民作為自由主體的生產(chǎn)力與創(chuàng)造力,在改革開放初期發(fā)揮了重要的作用。但是近三十年來,我國的社會經(jīng)濟(jì)文化各方面都發(fā)生較大變化:經(jīng)濟(jì)上我國的個體私有經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展,國家經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況發(fā)生了重大的變化;社會文化方面,社會家庭結(jié)構(gòu)的不斷改變與縮小,中國傳統(tǒng)的家族觀念的逐步淡化;社會文化越來越開放,具有包容性。司法實(shí)踐中,我國《繼承法》》出現(xiàn)適用上的局限性,遺囑、遺贈和遺贈扶養(yǎng)協(xié)議等繼承遺產(chǎn)的方式在發(fā)揮作用的同時也體現(xiàn)了不足之處,無法滿足當(dāng)前社會背景下民眾的現(xiàn)實(shí)需求。其中值得一提的就是近些年社會生活中多次出現(xiàn)的自然人通過和包括法定繼承人在內(nèi)的其他自然人訂立契約的方式協(xié)商如何安排自己的扶養(yǎng)和遺產(chǎn)繼承的問題,隨著這種情況的普遍發(fā)生,法律上應(yīng)該認(rèn)定這類契約的性質(zhì),是否具有法律效力,這目前還是我國立法的空白點(diǎn),很有必要值得我們研究。而國外流行的繼承契約與這類契約又非常相似,因此,結(jié)合我國當(dāng)前的社會基礎(chǔ)、經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)和文化基礎(chǔ),以及我國多年的司法實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn),《中華人民共和國民法總則》的頒布提供的良好契機(jī),筆者認(rèn)為提出《繼承法》修訂時引入繼承契約制度的立法建議是很有理論價值的,也是通過立法進(jìn)行我國法治建設(shè)的新舉措。本文主要先闡述當(dāng)前我國《繼承法》有關(guān)處分遺產(chǎn)的法律行為及其立法缺失,之后通過分析司法實(shí)踐中發(fā)生的一起典型案例,引出當(dāng)前社會生活中存在的被繼承人與其法定繼承人生前簽訂協(xié)議的現(xiàn)象,安排和處理自己的生前扶養(yǎng),死后個人財產(chǎn)歸屬的問題,并且說明這些現(xiàn)象具有普遍性,但是我國目前的《繼承法》卻不能找到判決這類案例的請求權(quán)基礎(chǔ),從而以實(shí)例說明我國《繼承法》適用上的局限性,之后筆者主要針對法院對該起典型案例作出的判決進(jìn)行分析,包括兩個法院的不同觀點(diǎn),之后筆者通過相關(guān)的理論知識闡述法院判決的合理與不合理之處,針對該典型案例的焦點(diǎn)問題,提出自己的觀點(diǎn),最后得知類似這類繼承契約的案例是我國當(dāng)前《繼承法》的空白點(diǎn),并沒有相關(guān)的法律依據(jù),所以值得我們?nèi)パ芯颗c解決。同時通過參照國外解決該類類似案件的繼承契約制度,說明我們可以進(jìn)行借鑒,以及我國當(dāng)前理論界對于繼承契約的看法,之后進(jìn)一步論證在我國增設(shè)繼承契約制度的必要性和可行性,最后通過以上的理論分析,并且結(jié)合我國的社會實(shí)際情況,得出解決的方案,即建議立法者在《繼承法》修訂時新增繼承契約制度,彌補(bǔ)我國立法的空白點(diǎn),并且針對如何具體詳細(xì)的制定該制度,提出筆者自己的的意見。
[Abstract]:The inheritance Law of the people's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as "inheritance Law") was promulgated in 1985 shortly after the implementation of the policy of reform and opening to the outside world. At that time, the promulgation and implementation of the inheritance Law established the principle of protecting citizens' private property according to law, stimulated the productive forces and creativity of citizens as free subjects, and played an important role in the early stage of reform and opening up. However, in the past three decades, great changes have taken place in all aspects of social economy and culture in China: the rapid economic development of our individual private economy, the significant changes in the national economic situation, and the social and cultural aspects, The social family structure constantly changes and shrinks, the Chinese traditional family idea gradually desalinates, the social culture is more and more open, has the inclusiveness. In judicial practice, the inheritance Law of our country has some limitations in application. The ways of inheritance, such as wills, bequests and bequeath maintenance agreements, play a role, but also reflect the deficiencies. Unable to meet the real needs of the people under the current social background. It is worth mentioning that, in recent years, natural persons, which have emerged many times in social life, have negotiated arrangements for their maintenance and inheritance by entering into contracts with other natural persons, including legal heirs, With the widespread occurrence of this situation, the nature of this kind of contract should be recognized in law, and whether it has legal effect, which is still the blank spot of our legislation at present, it is very necessary for us to study. However, the popular inheritance contract abroad is very similar to this kind of contract. Therefore, combining the current social basis, economic base and cultural basis of our country, As well as our country's judicial practice experience for many years, the promulgation of the General principles of Civil Law of the people's Republic of China provides a good opportunity, the author thinks that it is of great theoretical value to put forward the legislative suggestion of introducing the inheritance contract system in the revision of the inheritance Law. Also is through the legislation carries on our country rule of law construction new measure. In this paper, the author first expounds the legal act of disposition of inheritance and its lack of legislation in China's inheritance Law, and then analyzes a typical case in judicial practice. The phenomenon of signing agreements between the heirs and their legal heirs in the current social life, arranging and dealing with the problems of their own maintenance and personal property ownership after death, and explaining that these phenomena are universal, are introduced. However, at present, the inheritance Law in our country cannot find the basis of the right of claim to adjudicate this kind of case, thus illustrating the limitation of the application of the inheritance Law in our country by an example. After that, the author mainly analyzes the judgment made by the court in this typical case, including the different viewpoints of the two courts, and then the author explains the reasonableness and irrationality of the court judgment through the relevant theoretical knowledge. In view of the focus of this typical case, the author puts forward his own viewpoint, and finally finds out that the case of this kind of inheritance contract is a blank spot in China's inheritance Law at present, and there is no relevant legal basis, so it is worth our study and solution. At the same time, by referring to the inheritance contract system of solving similar cases in foreign countries, it shows that we can learn from it, as well as the views of the current theoretical circle of our country on inheritance contract. Then it further demonstrates the necessity and feasibility of adding inheritance contract system in our country. Finally, through the above theoretical analysis, and combining with the social reality of our country, we come up with a solution. That is to say, it is suggested that the legislator should add the inheritance contract system when the inheritance Law is amended to make up the blank spot of our country's legislation, and put forward the author's own opinion on how to make the system in detail.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D923.5

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