本文選題：中小企業(yè) + 信用擔保��； 參考：《河北經貿大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：市場經濟條件下，中小企業(yè)的重要作用日益凸顯，這一重要作用使得各國、各地區(qū)更加重視中小企業(yè)的發(fā)展，當然，我國的中小企業(yè)也為國民經濟的發(fā)展做出了重要貢獻。但是，面對強大的大型企業(yè)，中小企業(yè)在生產規(guī)模、科技創(chuàng)新力以及抵御經營風險的能力上都存在著很大的挑戰(zhàn)，這些因素在很大程度上都限制了中小企業(yè)的發(fā)展。其中，融資難成為了制約中小企業(yè)健康發(fā)展的重要因素，同時這一問題已經成為制約世界各國中小企業(yè)經濟健康發(fā)展的普遍性問題。尤其是在變幻莫測的金融環(huán)境的沖擊下，許多中小企業(yè)紛紛倒閉，如何幫助中小企業(yè)度過難關成了關系國際民生的大課題。 為了解決這一問題，不少國家大都是通過支持對中小企業(yè)的融資來克服這一問題，然而適時建立中小企業(yè)信用擔保體系以便中小企業(yè)擺脫融資難的困境成為了發(fā)達國家最優(yōu)先考慮的做法。 我國對于信用擔保的探索開始于20世紀90年代末，經過多年的發(fā)展，尤其是在政策、法律的不斷推動下，我國初步形成了符合我國國情的中小企業(yè)信用擔保體系。但是由于社會環(huán)境、法治環(huán)境等方面因素的制約，我國的信用擔保體系、制度建設并不完善，各種風險仍然給我們帶來了巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。 本文從發(fā)達國家有關中小企業(yè)信用擔保體系的相關立法、通行做法入手，經過仔細比較和研究，歸納出發(fā)達國家發(fā)展信用擔保的成功范式，，從而為完善我國中小企業(yè)信用擔保制度提出相應的政策、建議。本文分為五個部分： 第一部分即文章的引言。這一部分主要包括了本文的研究背景和意義、國內外研究綜述、研究方法與創(chuàng)新這三部分內容。 第二部分是中小企業(yè)信用擔保制度概述。這一部分主要介紹了中小企業(yè)信用擔保制度的內涵及特征，中小企業(yè)信用擔保制度的本質以及我國中小企業(yè)信用擔保制度的沿革。 第三部分介紹了我國中小企業(yè)信用擔保制度存在的主要問題。本部分主要從五個方面闡述了我國中小企業(yè)信用擔保制度存在的主要問題有：一是，缺乏能夠體現(xiàn)其特殊要求的立法，例如《擔保法》的保護力度不夠，它的性質是“個人權利本位”而非“社會權利本位”，這決定了它必然側重于保護債權人即國有銀行的利益，這顯然與信用擔保的本性不符。二是，信用擔保機構的法律地位不明確，一方面使得擔保機構的設立和開展業(yè)務無法可依，另一方面導致一些中小企業(yè)無法及時得到資金的支持，從而嚴重阻礙了中小企業(yè)的有序、健康發(fā)展。三是，信用擔保業(yè)務范圍在立法上存在問題，例如擔保產品周期短、形式過于單一等。四是，政府監(jiān)管立法存在缺陷，由于我國確定的是省市設立的發(fā)改委、財政部、中國人民銀行、工商行政管理及商業(yè)銀行等部門組成的監(jiān)管機構，致使“多頭管理”成為了阻礙我國中小企業(yè)信用擔保制度發(fā)展的重要原因。五是，缺乏有效配套法律制度，例如擔�；顒语L險的防控機制不健全，責任共擔機制的制定不科學等等。 第四部分運用了比較研究的方法，首先介紹了國外中小企業(yè)信用擔保制度的概況，其中包括了日本的信用保證協(xié)會制度、韓國的信用保證基金制度、美國、加拿大的政府服務制度以及歐洲的信用擔保制度。其次，通過對信用擔保制度發(fā)達國家的制度進行歸納、總結，最后得出符合我國國情、適應中國發(fā)展的中小企業(yè)信用擔保制度。 第五部分主要闡述了完善我國中小企業(yè)信用擔保制度的建議。一是制定中小企業(yè)信用擔保的特別法，使得中小企業(yè)信用擔保在法律、法規(guī)的屏障下有序發(fā)展。二是明確信用擔保機構的法律地位，以便中小企業(yè)可以及時獲得資金的有效支持。三是拓寬信用擔保業(yè)務的范圍。四是完善政府監(jiān)管，防止“多頭管理”和政府過度干預的情況出現(xiàn)。五是完善配套的法律制度，如健全風險內控機制，健全風險共擔機制等。
[Abstract]:Under the market economy, the important role of small and medium enterprises is becoming more and more important. This important role makes all countries and regions pay more attention to the development of small and medium-sized enterprises. Of course, small and medium enterprises in our country have made important contributions to the development of national economy. However, facing the large and large enterprises, small and medium-sized enterprises are in the scale of production, innovation of science and technology, and There are great challenges in the ability to resist business risk. These factors have limited the development of small and medium-sized enterprises to a large extent. Among them, financing has become an important factor restricting the healthy development of small and medium-sized enterprises. At the same time, this problem has become a universal problem that restricts the healthy development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the world. Under the impact of the uncertain financial environment, many small and medium-sized enterprises have been closed down. How to help SMEs to tide over difficulties has become a major issue related to the international livelihood of the people.
In order to solve this problem, many countries overcome this problem by supporting the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises. However, it is the first priority of the developed countries to set up the credit guarantee system of small and medium-sized enterprises so that the small and medium enterprises can get rid of the difficulty of financing.
Our country's exploration of credit guarantee begins at the end of 1990s. After years of development, especially under the constant promotion of policy and law, China has formed a credit guarantee system of small and medium-sized enterprises in accordance with the national conditions of our country. However, the system of credit guarantee system and system in our country is restricted by the constraints of the social environment, the rule of law environment and other factors. The construction is not perfect, and all kinds of risks still bring huge challenges to us.
This article starts with the relevant legislation of the credit guarantee system of small and medium-sized enterprises in developed countries, and through careful comparison and research, the successful paradigm of developing credit guarantee in developed countries is summed up, and the corresponding policies and suggestions are put forward to improve the credit guarantee system of small and medium-sized enterprises in China. This article is divided into five parts:
The first part is the introduction of the article. This part mainly includes the background and significance of the research, the domestic and foreign research review, the research method and the innovation of the three parts.
The second part is the summary of the credit guarantee system of small and medium enterprises. This part mainly introduces the connotation and characteristics of the credit guarantee system of small and medium-sized enterprises, the essence of the credit guarantee system of small and medium enterprises and the evolution of the credit guarantee system of small and medium enterprises in our country.
The third part introduces the main problems of the credit guarantee system of small and medium enterprises in our country. This part mainly expounds the main problems in the credit guarantee system of small and medium enterprises in China from five aspects: first, the lack of legislation which can reflect its special requirements, such as the protection of the guarantee law is not enough, its nature is "personal rights" "Profit standard", rather than "social rights standard", determines that it is bound to focus on the protection of the interests of the creditor, the state-owned bank, which is obviously not in conformity with the nature of the credit guarantee. Two, the legal status of the credit guarantee institution is not clear, on the one hand, the establishment and opening of the guarantee institutions can not be dependent on, and on the other hand, some small and medium-sized ones are caused. Enterprises can not get the support of funds in time, which seriously hinders the orderly and healthy development of small and medium-sized enterprises. Three, there are problems in the scope of the credit guarantee business in legislation, such as the short cycle of the guarantee products and the simplex form of the form. Four, the legislation of the government is defective, because China has established the development and Reform Commission set up by provinces and cities and the Ministry of finance, The people's Bank of China, the administrative management of industry and Commerce and the commercial bank and other departments, cause the "multi management" to become an important reason that hinders the development of the credit guarantee system for small and medium enterprises in China. Five, the lack of effective supporting legal system, such as the unsound prevention and control mechanism of the risk of security activities, and the formulation of the responsibility sharing mechanism are not made. Science and so on.
The fourth part uses the comparative study method, first introduces the general situation of the credit guarantee system of foreign medium and small enterprises, including the credit guarantee association system in Japan, the credit guarantee fund system in Korea, the United States, the Canadian government service system and the European credit guarantee system. Secondly, the credit guarantee system is developed by the credit guarantee system. Finally, the system of credit guarantee for small and medium-sized enterprises in line with China's national conditions and adapting to China's development is concluded.
The fifth part mainly expounds the suggestions to improve the credit guarantee system of small and medium enterprises in our country. One is to make the special law of credit guarantee for small and medium-sized enterprises, so that the credit guarantee of small and medium-sized enterprises will develop under the barrier of law and law. The two is to clear the legal status of the credit guarantee institution, so that the small and medium enterprises can get the effective support of the funds in time. Three is to broaden the scope of credit guarantee business. Four is to improve government supervision, to prevent "multi head management" and the excessive interference of the government. Five is to improve the supporting legal system, such as improving the risk internal control mechanism, and improving the risk sharing mechanism.
【學位授予單位】：河北經貿大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D922.291.91;D923

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本文編號：2009327