本文選題：遺失物 + 拾得人�。� 參考：《上海師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：遺失物拾得人報酬請求權(quán),是指遺失物拾得人在將遺失物交還給遺失人時享有的要求遺失人支付相應(yīng)報酬的權(quán)利。拾得人的報酬請求權(quán)常常游弋于道德與法律、公正與效率、靜的安全與動的價值之間,甚至直接關(guān)系到遺失物所有權(quán)的歸屬問題,即遺失物是歸失主所有,拾得人所有還是國家所有。我國法律僅賦予了拾得人有條件的享有報酬請求權(quán),即在遺失人發(fā)布懸賞廣告的情況下可以享有相應(yīng)的報酬請求權(quán),其他情況下拾得人并不享有報酬請求權(quán)。關(guān)于拾得人是否應(yīng)該享有報酬請求權(quán)的探討,一些民法學(xué)者在著述中從物權(quán)法的基本原則和權(quán)利義務(wù)相一致等角度論述拾得人應(yīng)該享有報酬請求權(quán)。我國物權(quán)法出于維護傳統(tǒng)美德的考慮不支持拾得人可以享有報酬請求權(quán),但該規(guī)定在現(xiàn)實中的實際應(yīng)用價值和效果并不明顯,因此造成我國遺失物歸還率低、關(guān)于報酬常常引發(fā)糾紛、人們難以較好地遵循法律為一定行為、物的價值難以得到有效實現(xiàn)之一系列問題。筆者認為,我們應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)借鑒其他國家的規(guī)定,在我國立法中確立遺失物拾得人報酬請求權(quán)。本文不僅介紹了文章的研究思路及研究方法、創(chuàng)新點等,也闡述了對于拾得人報酬請求權(quán)的兩種不同的觀點,重點分析了兩種不同觀點的分歧,并表明筆者的態(tài)度,即遺失物拾得人享有報酬請求權(quán)。雖然我國物權(quán)法不支持拾得人享有報酬請求權(quán),但是筆者認為否定報酬權(quán)利一方面會不利于實現(xiàn)物的及時返還和有效利用,不利于實現(xiàn)物權(quán)法關(guān)于該部分立法的本意;另一方面在現(xiàn)實中由于否定報酬權(quán)利也造成了很多糾紛,而且我國的失物招領(lǐng)公司也由于此規(guī)定在經(jīng)營過程中遇到了很大的困難和障礙。筆者基于我國關(guān)于此規(guī)定造成的現(xiàn)實中存在的問題,查閱了其他國家對此權(quán)利的規(guī)定,歸納出他們或者直接賦予拾得人報酬權(quán)利或者通過將拾得物的所有權(quán)給予拾得人來保障其報酬權(quán)利,并重點分析了他們這種規(guī)定的合理性以及我國在法律中賦予拾得人報酬權(quán)利的理論意義和現(xiàn)實意義。之后筆者從我國的實際情況出發(fā)提出關(guān)于拾得人報酬請求權(quán)的立法建議,主要論述該權(quán)利行使的前提、行使該權(quán)利的限制條件、如何規(guī)定符合實際情況的報酬數(shù)額、如何通過遺失物法律的規(guī)定促進失物招領(lǐng)公司的有效運營、對于與拾得人報酬權(quán)利相關(guān)的必要費用請求權(quán)和懸賞廣告金權(quán)利如何做出明確具體的規(guī)定,以及當(dāng)他們發(fā)生權(quán)利競合時如何規(guī)定、對于遺失物有人認領(lǐng)和無人認領(lǐng)時的保障措施,從而完善這一制度。
[Abstract]:The right of claim for compensation of lost property pickers refers to the right of the person who returns the lost property to the lost person to require the lost person to pay the corresponding remuneration. The right of compensation claim is often found between morality and law, justice and efficiency, quiet security and the value of movement, and even directly relates to the ownership of the lost property, that is, the lost property is owned by the owner. All the pickers are still owned by the state. The law of our country only gives the person who picked up a conditional right to claim compensation, that is, if the lost person publishes a reward advertisement, he can enjoy the corresponding right of claim for remuneration, and in other cases, the person who picked up a reward does not have the right of claim for remuneration. As to whether the picker should enjoy the right of compensation claim, some civil law scholars discuss that the picker should enjoy the right of compensation claim from the angle of the basic principle of property law and the consistency of rights and obligations in his writings. In order to maintain the traditional virtue, the property law of our country does not support the claim right of compensation, but the practical application value and effect of this provision in reality is not obvious, so the rate of return of lost property in our country is low. About the compensation often causes the dispute, people is difficult to follow the law as the certain behavior well, the value of the thing is difficult to obtain the effective realization a series of problems. The author believes that we should learn from the provisions of other countries and establish the right of claim for compensation of lost property pickers in our legislation. This paper not only introduces the research ideas and methods of the article, innovation points, but also expounds two different views on the right to claim compensation for pickers, analyzes the differences of two different views, and shows the author's attitude. That is to say, the person who finds the lost property shall have the right to claim compensation. Although the property law of our country does not support the right to claim compensation, the author thinks that the negation of the right of remuneration on the one hand will not be conducive to the timely return and effective use of property rights, is not conducive to the realization of the original intention of this part of the legislation of property law; On the other hand, because of the negation of the right of remuneration, there are many disputes in reality, and the lost and found companies in our country also encounter great difficulties and obstacles in the course of operation because of this stipulation. Based on the problems in reality caused by this regulation in China, the author consulted the provisions of other countries on this right, It is concluded that they either directly confer upon the scavenger the right to remuneration or protect their right to remuneration by giving the pickup title to the picker, It also analyzes the rationality of this regulation and the theoretical and practical significance of giving the right of remuneration to pickers in our country. Then the author puts forward the legislative suggestion on the right of claim for compensation of pickers from the actual situation of our country, mainly discusses the premise of the exercise of the right, the restrictive conditions for the exercise of the right, and how to set the amount of remuneration in accordance with the actual situation. How to promote the effective operation of the lost and found company through the law of lost and found property, how to make clear and specific stipulation about the claim right of necessary expenses and the right of offering reward advertisement money related to the compensation right of the picker, And how to provide the safeguard measures for the lost and unclaimed property when they are competing for rights, so as to perfect the system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D923.2

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 李經(jīng)緯;朱旭;;遺失物拾得制度的權(quán)利本位歸屬[J];開封教育學(xué)院學(xué)報;2015年09期

2 張亮;;美德褒獎與法律支持——論遺失物拾得人的報酬請求權(quán)[J];法制與社會;2014年28期

3 石鈞文;;論遺失物之歸屬[J];法制與社會;2014年25期

4 吳文昭;;遺失物的所有權(quán)取得制度探析[J];法制與社會;2014年15期

5 樓爭青;;論遺失物取得制度的二元性[J];法制與社會;2014年08期

6 田顯俊;;拾得遺失物制度若干問題淺析[J];人民論壇;2013年17期

7 廖靜一;;遺失物拾得人權(quán)利義務(wù)的失衡與矯正[J];知識經(jīng)濟;2012年19期

8 鄭盈盈;;拾得遺失物制度研究[J];法制與社會;2011年32期

9 解靜;;論我國的遺失物拾得制度[J];科技信息;2011年18期

10 潘倩;;淺論遺失物的拾得與權(quán)利義務(wù)分配制度比較[J];現(xiàn)代商業(yè);2011年03期

相關(guān)重要報紙文章 前2條

1 王弦;;遺失物拾得人的報酬請求權(quán)[N];貴州日報;2007年

2 梅夏英;李紅梅;;遺失物處理：平衡失主、拾得人及受讓人利益[N];檢察日報;2007年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 甘甜;論遺失物拾得人的報酬請求權(quán)[D];廣西大學(xué);2014年

2 于梁;拾得遺失物法律問題研究[D];沈陽師范大學(xué);2013年

3 胡吉恒;論我國遺失物拾得制度的完善[D];中南大學(xué);2013年

4 沈艷君;拾得遺失物的處理方式研究[D];揚州大學(xué);2012年

5 劉艷麗;遺失物拾得制度研究[D];黑龍江大學(xué);2012年

6 林坤;遺失物拾得制度研究[D];蘭州大學(xué);2012年

7 李惠紫;拾得遺失物法律制度研究[D];河南大學(xué);2011年

8 廖斌;我國遺失物拾得人報酬請求權(quán)研究[D];海南大學(xué);2011年

9 董曉春;論我國拾得遺失物制度的完善[D];中國政法大學(xué);2011年

10 趙兵;論我國遺失物拾得制度的完善[D];中國政法大學(xué);2010年

，

本文編號：1945644