本文選題：繼承權(quán) + 酌情分得遺產(chǎn)權(quán)�。� 參考：《寧夏大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國(guó)《繼承法》法定繼承制度一章中規(guī)定了一項(xiàng)特殊的、區(qū)別于繼承權(quán)的遺產(chǎn)權(quán)利,酌情分得遺產(chǎn)權(quán),即適用法定繼承過(guò)程中,作為法定繼承制度的補(bǔ)充,與被繼承人形成扶養(yǎng)關(guān)系的扶養(yǎng)人或被扶養(yǎng)人,可申請(qǐng)享受部分遺產(chǎn)。但是現(xiàn)行法律的規(guī)定十分籠統(tǒng),造成實(shí)踐中不易操作的問(wèn)題。在《繼承法》修改之際,更加迫切地需要我們對(duì)酌情分得遺產(chǎn)制度做深入的研究并提出修改建議。從理論層面,筆者分析酌情分得遺產(chǎn)制度受保護(hù)弱者的立法理念的指導(dǎo),是死后扶養(yǎng)思想、被繼承人意思推定理論及養(yǎng)老育幼、照顧病殘?jiān)瓌t的體現(xiàn)。并且筆者追溯了酌情分得遺產(chǎn)歷史淵源,分析了酌情分得遺產(chǎn)發(fā)展至今,需應(yīng)對(duì)新的家庭結(jié)構(gòu)和“新的家庭形態(tài)”提出的新問(wèn)題,因此保留和完善酌情分得遺產(chǎn)制度是有必要性的。從立法角度,筆者通過(guò)分析現(xiàn)行的法律條文,總結(jié)了制度的基本內(nèi)涵及功能;指出現(xiàn)行法律規(guī)定存在的缺陷,如酌情分得遺產(chǎn)權(quán)性質(zhì)不明的問(wèn)題,并結(jié)合相關(guān)案例,分析具體規(guī)定存在的缺陷,如存在扶養(yǎng)關(guān)系的姻親該不該適用酌情分得遺產(chǎn)制度;權(quán)利人的取得要件標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中對(duì)“扶養(yǎng)較多”的認(rèn)定、“雙無(wú)人員”的認(rèn)定問(wèn)題;數(shù)額分配多少,有沒(méi)有上限的問(wèn)題等。有問(wèn)題就需要尋求解決辦法,筆者運(yùn)用比較的分析方法,與國(guó)外典型的酌情分得遺產(chǎn)的法律規(guī)定做比較,與臺(tái)灣地區(qū)相同的制度做比較,與香港地區(qū)類(lèi)似制度作比較,與具有相同立法目的及價(jià)值的必留份制度作比較,分析異同,吸收從權(quán)利主體、數(shù)額分配的依據(jù),數(shù)額多少等方面的優(yōu)點(diǎn),填補(bǔ)到酌情分得遺產(chǎn)制度的具體規(guī)定之中。最后,對(duì)酌情分得遺產(chǎn)制度的完善建議是文章的重中之重。以保護(hù)弱者的立法理念為指導(dǎo),從理論上明確酌情分得遺產(chǎn)權(quán)的法律性質(zhì);從法律條文的修訂上提出詳細(xì)而具體的建議去保護(hù)權(quán)利人,特別是被扶養(yǎng)的“雙無(wú)人員”這樣的弱勢(shì)群體。并且依據(jù)保護(hù)公民私人財(cái)產(chǎn)的繼承權(quán)的立法目的,在繼承法內(nèi)部協(xié)調(diào)法定繼承制度,將酌情分得遺產(chǎn)制度從法定繼承一章中獨(dú)立出來(lái),另擴(kuò)大法定繼承人的范圍到四親等,使扶養(yǎng)被繼承人的三親等四親等繼承人在沒(méi)有前順序繼承人排斥的情況下,可通過(guò)繼承獲得遺產(chǎn)。再次,通過(guò)程序保障權(quán)利的實(shí)現(xiàn),設(shè)立遺產(chǎn)管理人制度,由具有公正性的主體管理分割遺產(chǎn),免于權(quán)利主體向同樣具有遺產(chǎn)期待的繼承人主張權(quán)利實(shí)現(xiàn),繼而引發(fā)矛盾,從程序上落實(shí)對(duì)酌情分得遺產(chǎn)權(quán)的保障。
[Abstract]:In the chapter of the legal inheritance system of our country's inheritance Law, a special right of inheritance, which is different from the right of inheritance, is provided, and the right of inheritance is obtained as a supplement to the system of legal succession in the process of applying legal inheritance. A dependant or dependant who forms a dependency relationship with the heirs may apply for part of the estate. However, the provisions of the current law are very general, resulting in difficult to operate in practice. At the time of the amendment of the inheritance Law, it is more urgent for us to make a thorough study on the system of the discretionary share of the inheritance and to put forward some suggestions for amendment. From the theoretical level, the author analyzes the legislative idea of obtaining the protection of the weak in the inheritance system, which is the embodiment of the idea of posthumous maintenance, the theory of the presumption of the will of the heirs, the principle of raising children for the aged, and the principle of taking care of the sick and disabled. And the author traces the historical origin of the inheritance, and analyzes the new problems raised by the new family structure and the "new family form", which need to be dealt with by the development of the discretionary heritage. Therefore, it is necessary to preserve and improve the discretionary system of inheritance. From the legislative point of view, the author summarizes the basic connotation and function of the system by analyzing the current legal provisions, points out the defects of the current legal provisions, such as the problem of the unclear nature of the distribution of the property right, and combines with the relevant cases. Analyzing the defects of the specific provisions, such as whether the in-laws with dependent relationships should apply the system of sharing the inheritance as appropriate; the identification of "more support" in the criteria for obtaining the requirements of the obligee, the identification of "double persons without personnel", and how much the amount should be allocated, There is no upper limit, etc. If there is a problem, we need to find a solution. The author uses the comparative analysis method to compare with the typical overseas legal provisions on the distribution of heritage, with the same system in Taiwan, and with similar systems in Hong Kong. Comparing with the mandatory share system with the same legislative purpose and value, analyzing the similarities and differences, absorbing the advantages of the subject of right, the basis of the amount distribution and the amount, etc., it can be filled into the specific provisions of the system of obtaining the inheritance according to the discretion. Finally, it is the most important point of the article to improve the system. Under the guidance of the legislative idea of protecting the weak, the legal nature of the right to inheritance should be clearly defined in theory, and detailed and specific suggestions should be made for the protection of the right holder from the revision of the legal provisions. In particular, the dependent "double no person" such as the vulnerable groups. And according to the legislative purpose of protecting the inheritance rights of citizens' private property, the legal inheritance system should be coordinated within the inheritance law, and the inheritance system should be separated from the legal inheritance chapter, and the scope of the legal heirs should be expanded to four relatives, etc. The third and fourth relatives who support the heirs may acquire the estate by inheritance without the exclusion of the former heirs. Thirdly, through the procedure to guarantee the realization of the right, establish the system of the estate administrator, and divide the heritage by the impartial subject, avoid the right subject claiming the realization of the right from the heirs who have the same expectation of the estate, and then cause the contradiction. From the procedural implementation of the discretion to obtain the protection of the right to inheritance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧夏大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D923.5

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