發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-05 00:35

  本文選題：權(quán)利質(zhì)押 + 物權(quán)法定��； 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：融資難已成為目前資源有限的中小企業(yè)發(fā)展壯大的最大障礙,對(duì)此,部分商主體通過(guò)將其營(yíng)業(yè)場(chǎng)所——經(jīng)營(yíng)性房屋租賃權(quán)“質(zhì)押”以獲得短期融資。但是物權(quán)法定原則使得此處“租賃權(quán)質(zhì)押”的法律效力受到嚴(yán)重質(zhì)疑。分析物權(quán)法定原則,雖有僵化的表現(xiàn),但其邏輯正當(dāng)性和歷史合理性都使得我們不能輕易的跨越這條“紅線”。既然從理論上講經(jīng)營(yíng)性房屋租賃權(quán)有擔(dān)保價(jià)值,那么我們何不促使其實(shí)現(xiàn)該價(jià)值以為實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)服務(wù)。為實(shí)現(xiàn)該目的,筆者嘗試引入了其他大陸法系國(guó)家普遍認(rèn)可的“無(wú)效民事行為效力轉(zhuǎn)換制度”,從該轉(zhuǎn)換制度的構(gòu)成要件入手分析出有效的替代行為——“租賃權(quán)讓與擔(dān)保”,然后再?gòu)挠行院涂尚行詢蓚�(gè)方面證成租賃權(quán)讓與擔(dān)保制度。本文除了引言總共包括四個(gè)部分。第一部分主要引出了經(jīng)營(yíng)性房屋租賃權(quán)質(zhì)押行為的法律性質(zhì)問(wèn)題。首先明確了相關(guān)制度的內(nèi)涵,將經(jīng)營(yíng)性房租租賃與住宅性房屋租賃進(jìn)行區(qū)分并分析了租賃權(quán)和租賃權(quán)質(zhì)押的內(nèi)容,以劃定本文所論述的范圍。然后描述了租賃權(quán)質(zhì)押的興起和模式,大概了解一下租賃權(quán)質(zhì)押的現(xiàn)實(shí)狀況。然而,在法律層面上其效力因物權(quán)法定卻不能成立,司法實(shí)踐也不予認(rèn)可,從而引出問(wèn)題所在。第二部分主要對(duì)經(jīng)營(yíng)性房屋租賃權(quán)質(zhì)押行為的物權(quán)性質(zhì)予以否認(rèn)。既然商主體創(chuàng)造出了租賃權(quán)質(zhì)押,我們就從權(quán)利質(zhì)權(quán)入手,對(duì)權(quán)利質(zhì)押的標(biāo)的進(jìn)行考察,明確權(quán)利得以質(zhì)押的原則。進(jìn)而分析租賃權(quán)的性質(zhì),對(duì)租賃權(quán)能否質(zhì)押做出感性的認(rèn)識(shí)。就第一部分提出的問(wèn)題,我們?cè)賹?duì)物權(quán)法定進(jìn)行反思,發(fā)現(xiàn)該原則本身存在僵化的問(wèn)題,但其與意思自治又不存在內(nèi)在的邏輯沖突,因此物權(quán)法定本身不能被輕易的否定�；诖�,租賃權(quán)作為權(quán)利質(zhì)押的標(biāo)的終歸因繞不過(guò)物權(quán)法定的鴻溝而不得不宣布其物權(quán)方面的效力喪失。第三部分引入無(wú)效民事效力轉(zhuǎn)換制度。既然無(wú)法繞過(guò)物權(quán)法定的障礙,筆者嘗試著引進(jìn)無(wú)效民事行為效力轉(zhuǎn)換制度,以求將無(wú)效的權(quán)利質(zhì)權(quán)行為轉(zhuǎn)為有效的擔(dān)保行為。無(wú)效法律行為效力轉(zhuǎn)換制度的理論基礎(chǔ)源自法律行為制度,正是由于法律行為的價(jià)值追求支撐了整個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)換制度。當(dāng)然,這一制度在我國(guó)沒(méi)有明確的法律依據(jù),只是在學(xué)者當(dāng)中進(jìn)行不斷的爭(zhēng)論,因此有必要闡述一下其價(jià)值及構(gòu)成要件。通過(guò)對(duì)其替代行為要件的分析,我們大致得出其轉(zhuǎn)換的方向——租賃權(quán)讓與擔(dān)保,但這一替代行為是否合理合法仍需論證。第四部分主要對(duì)租賃權(quán)讓與擔(dān)保制度進(jìn)行證成。讓與擔(dān)保制度在我國(guó)一直存在爭(zhēng)議,因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)行的擔(dān)保法體系似乎沒(méi)有其“用武之地”。但仔細(xì)分析,我國(guó)的擔(dān)保法制度,雖有動(dòng)產(chǎn)抵押和權(quán)利質(zhì)押取代了讓與擔(dān)保的部分功能,但前者不論在適用標(biāo)的還是在物權(quán)變動(dòng)方式方面都有天然的弊端。而租賃權(quán)這種特殊的權(quán)利正好可以由讓與擔(dān)保予以涵括,不論從有效性和可行性方面,都可以通過(guò)此種方式進(jìn)行擔(dān)保。雖然在司法實(shí)踐中有法律適用的障礙,但經(jīng)過(guò)這一系列的制度安排,我們至少在法理上可以重新賦予租賃權(quán)擔(dān)保的效力。
[Abstract]:The difficulty of financing has become the biggest obstacle to the development and expansion of small and medium sized enterprises with limited resources. In this case, some commercial entities have obtained short-term financing through the "pledge" of their business premises - the lease of operating houses. However, the legal principle of real right makes the legal effect of the "lease right pledge" seriously questioned. Principle, although there is a rigid performance, but its logical and historical rationality can not easily cross this "red line". Since the theory of business housing lease has a guarantee value, then why do we not promote it to realize the value of real economic service. In order to achieve this purpose, I tried to introduce the other The system of "effect conversion of invalid civil behavior", which is universally recognized by the countries of the continental law system, analyzes the effective substitution behavior, "lease right transfer guarantee" from the elements of the transformation system, and then proves the lease right transfer guarantee system from two aspects of validity and feasibility. This article includes four departments in addition to the introduction. The first part mainly leads to the legal nature of the pledge of the renting right of the operating house. First, it clarifies the connotation of the related system, distinguishes the operating rent lease from the housing lease, analyzes the content of the lease right and the lease right pledge, in order to delineate the scope discussed in this article, and then describes the pledge of the lease right. The rise and mode of the renting rights may be understood about the real situation of the pledge of the lease right. However, the legal level of its effectiveness can not be established by the law of real right, and the judicial practice is not recognized, which leads to the problem. The second part mainly denies the property rights of the pledge of the renting right of the operating house. From the pledge of the right of lease, we begin with the pledge of rights, examine the mark of the pledge of rights, clear the principle of the pledge of rights, and then analyze the nature of the right of lease, and make a perceptual knowledge of the lease of the right to pledge. However, there is no inherent logic conflict between it and the autonomy of the meaning, so the law itself can not be easily denied. Based on this, the final return of the lease right, as the final result of the right pledge, has to declare the loss of its property right due to the legal gap of the real right. The third part introduces the system of invalid civil effect conversion. However, I can not bypass the legal obstacles of real right, I try to introduce the system of invalid civil action effect conversion, in order to transfer the invalid right of pledge to effective guarantee. The theoretical basis of the system of invalid legal action effect conversion derives from the legal act system, which is the result of the value pursuit of legal behavior that supports the whole system of conversion. Of course, there is no clear legal basis for this system in our country, but it is only a constant debate among scholars, so it is necessary to elaborate on its value and constitutive requirements. Through the analysis of the elements of its substitution behavior, we can roughly draw the direction of its transformation - the lease transfer and guarantee, but whether this alternative is reasonable and legitimate. It still needs to be demonstrated. The fourth part mainly proves the system of lease assignment guarantee. The system of transfer guarantee has been controversial in our country, because the existing guarantee law system does not seem to have its "place of use". However, the guarantee law system in our country has replaced part of the function of the transfer guarantee, although the mortgage and the pledge of the right and interest have replaced the part of the guarantee. The former has natural disadvantages both in the application and in the way of the change of property. The special rights of the lease right can be covered by the transfer guarantee. It can be guaranteed by this way, both in terms of validity and feasibility. Although there are obstacles to the application of the law in the practice of judicial practice, it passes through this department. The institutional arrangement of the column can at least give the validity of the guarantee of the lease right in legal sense.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D923.2

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