本文選題：遺產(chǎn)管理 + 被繼承人��； 參考：《西南政法大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：黨的十八大提出了依法治國的指導(dǎo)性方針,明確要充分發(fā)揮立法的引領(lǐng)和推動作用,強(qiáng)調(diào)應(yīng)加快我國民法典編纂的步伐。繼承法作為民法典的重要組成部分,其內(nèi)容的完善與否關(guān)系著我國民法典的科學(xué)制定。因此繼承法中遺產(chǎn)管理制度的研究有著重要的理論和實(shí)踐意義。目前我國《繼承法》尚無系統(tǒng)、完善的遺產(chǎn)管理制度,只是在該法第16條1和第24條2以及《最高人民法院關(guān)于貫徹執(zhí)行繼承法若干問題的意見》(以下簡稱《執(zhí)行繼承法意見》)第44條3中原則性地規(guī)定了遺產(chǎn)執(zhí)行、遺產(chǎn)保管和無人承受遺產(chǎn)的部分內(nèi)容,缺乏對遺產(chǎn)管理的啟動、遺產(chǎn)管理人、遺產(chǎn)管理費(fèi)用和報(bào)酬、遺產(chǎn)管理終止等內(nèi)容的規(guī)定,存在法律漏洞。在社會經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展,公民的財(cái)富種類和數(shù)量逐漸增多,人與人之間的債權(quán)債務(wù)關(guān)系越發(fā)復(fù)雜,人口死亡率不斷上升的社會背景下,因缺乏針對被繼承人死亡后遺產(chǎn)的管理和分配的制度,當(dāng)事人爭奪遺產(chǎn)控制權(quán)以及遺產(chǎn)債權(quán)人訴求利益保護(hù)等繼承糾紛時(shí)有發(fā)生,面對我國的社會現(xiàn)實(shí)和國情,設(shè)置遺產(chǎn)管理制度的必要性已日益突顯。因此提出設(shè)立遺產(chǎn)管理制度的建議,以期為遺產(chǎn)繼承當(dāng)事人提供可選擇的救濟(jì)路徑,同時(shí)能對完善我國《繼承法》有所裨益。本文除導(dǎo)論外,共分七章,約20萬字。第一章遺產(chǎn)管理制度之基本理論考察。本章共分二節(jié),第一節(jié)遺產(chǎn)管理制度的界定,首先,考察當(dāng)前學(xué)界有關(guān)“遺產(chǎn)管理制度”抑或“遺產(chǎn)管理人制度”的學(xué)術(shù)紛爭,從語義學(xué)與法學(xué)的角度以及對遺產(chǎn)管理制度的概念作出界定。然后,在比較分析當(dāng)前我國學(xué)界有關(guān)遺產(chǎn)管理制度概念不同觀點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上,證成遺產(chǎn)管理制度的應(yīng)有含義。它是指在繼承開始后遺產(chǎn)分割前,由遺囑指定、或繼承人擔(dān)任或推選、或法院指定的管理人擔(dān)任保護(hù)和管理待繼承遺產(chǎn)的職責(zé),通過其對遺產(chǎn)實(shí)施有效的管理使遺產(chǎn)在未被接受或拋棄前免受損毀,保障遺產(chǎn)公平、有序分配的制度。同時(shí)提出遺產(chǎn)管理制度具有存續(xù)于特定的時(shí)間段、有特定的啟動程序、主體是遺產(chǎn)管理人、管理任務(wù)通過各項(xiàng)措施輔助完成、遺產(chǎn)管理具有特定的目的性五項(xiàng)特征。其次,為了更準(zhǔn)確的確定遺產(chǎn)管理制度的含義,對遺產(chǎn)管理過程中可能會涉及到的遺產(chǎn)保管、遺囑執(zhí)行、遺產(chǎn)信托的概念與遺產(chǎn)管理概念進(jìn)行比較和區(qū)分。最后,按照繼承種類的不同,明確遺產(chǎn)管理制度適用的范圍,即遺囑繼承和法定繼承。第二節(jié)對遺產(chǎn)管理制度的主要內(nèi)容予以探討,指出完整的遺產(chǎn)管理制度應(yīng)該主要包含遺產(chǎn)管理的啟動、遺產(chǎn)管理人、遺產(chǎn)管理的費(fèi)用和報(bào)酬、遺產(chǎn)管理的終止四項(xiàng)內(nèi)容。第二章遺產(chǎn)管理制度之歷史演進(jìn)。本章共分三節(jié),第一節(jié)主要介紹古代社會的遺產(chǎn)管理制度。首先,對古羅馬法時(shí)期的遺產(chǎn)管理制度進(jìn)行考察,指出其從“概括繼承”發(fā)展到“限定繼承”的過程中,已出現(xiàn)繼承人、奴隸、遺囑執(zhí)行人、遺產(chǎn)信托的受托人、國家等主體對遺產(chǎn)進(jìn)行管理的情況。其次,分析日耳曼法時(shí)期遺產(chǎn)管理制度的演進(jìn),指出在限定繼承規(guī)則下已出現(xiàn)繼承人、遺囑執(zhí)行人、子女的父親、國家權(quán)力部門等主體對遺產(chǎn)進(jìn)行管理的情況。再次,分析中國古代社會的遺產(chǎn)管理制度,闡述該制度在我國的演變與發(fā)展,指出我國古代社會已經(jīng)有男性家長、寡婦、官府等主體對遺產(chǎn)進(jìn)行管理的情況。第二節(jié)主要對近現(xiàn)代社會遺產(chǎn)管理制度的歷史演進(jìn)予以介紹,包括近現(xiàn)代大陸法系國家的遺產(chǎn)管理制度、英美法系國家（地區(qū)）的遺產(chǎn)管理制度以及我國的遺產(chǎn)管理制度。第三節(jié)分析遺產(chǎn)管理制度歷史演進(jìn)呈現(xiàn)的特征,指出古代社會遺產(chǎn)管理制度的演進(jìn)呈現(xiàn)出以下四點(diǎn)特征,即私有制和商品經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展促進(jìn)遺產(chǎn)管理的產(chǎn)生、遺產(chǎn)管理主體呈現(xiàn)身份繼承的特性、君主特權(quán)干預(yù)遺產(chǎn)管理、男女不平等現(xiàn)象突顯于遺產(chǎn)管理中。近現(xiàn)代社會的遺產(chǎn)管理制度的演進(jìn)表現(xiàn)出的特征則是取消以身份確定遺產(chǎn)管理人、平衡遺產(chǎn)權(quán)利人之間的利益、確保自由與限制的統(tǒng)一、加強(qiáng)國家對遺產(chǎn)管理的干預(yù)。第三章構(gòu)建我國遺產(chǎn)管理制度之正當(dāng)基礎(chǔ)。本章共分兩節(jié),第一節(jié)主要對構(gòu)建我國遺產(chǎn)管理制度的理論基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行分析。首先,指出遺產(chǎn)管理制度具有公平、自由、效率、秩序的價(jià)值取向,然后分析遺產(chǎn)管理制度的功能,具體包括保全遺產(chǎn)、確保遺產(chǎn)公平和有序分配、保護(hù)遺產(chǎn)權(quán)利人利益、保障交易安全等。第二節(jié)主要對構(gòu)建遺產(chǎn)管理制度的社會基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行探討。指出我國具有設(shè)立遺產(chǎn)管理制度的正當(dāng)社會基礎(chǔ),一方面是公民財(cái)富積累逐年增多、人口老齡化加劇、遺產(chǎn)繼承糾紛頻發(fā)的社會現(xiàn)實(shí)亟需遺產(chǎn)管理制度的確立,另一方面是民眾在處理遺產(chǎn)管理問題上的傳統(tǒng)習(xí)慣反映我國具備設(shè)立遺產(chǎn)管理制度的本土背景。第四章遺產(chǎn)管理制度之域外立法考察與評析。本章共分三節(jié),第一節(jié)是對大陸法系之法國、德國、日本、意大利四個(gè)國家的遺產(chǎn)管理制度進(jìn)行考察。首先介紹前述各國遺產(chǎn)管理制度的立法體例,然后對遺產(chǎn)管理制度的主要內(nèi)容進(jìn)行考察,主要包括遺產(chǎn)管理的啟動、遺產(chǎn)管理人、遺產(chǎn)管理的費(fèi)用和報(bào)酬、遺產(chǎn)管理的終止四個(gè)方面,其中遺產(chǎn)管理人的內(nèi)容又包含遺產(chǎn)管理人的產(chǎn)生、遺產(chǎn)管理人的資格、遺產(chǎn)管理人的職責(zé)、遺產(chǎn)管理人的法律責(zé)任。第二節(jié)是對英美法系之英國、美國、澳大利亞三個(gè)國家的遺產(chǎn)管理制度進(jìn)行考察,其考察的內(nèi)容體例與大陸法系國家一致。第三節(jié)是對外國遺產(chǎn)管理制度進(jìn)行比較評析,首先對兩大法系國家遺產(chǎn)管理制度的立法體例及其主要內(nèi)容進(jìn)行比較評析,最后總結(jié)指出大陸法系和英美法系國家設(shè)立遺產(chǎn)管理制度的共同目的,都是為了保全遺產(chǎn),保障繼承人和其他遺產(chǎn)權(quán)利人的合法利益,保障遺產(chǎn)的分配有序進(jìn)行。但是具體到我國對遺產(chǎn)管理制度的借鑒時(shí),我們應(yīng)該意識到任何具體法律制度的選擇與設(shè)立都必須與該國自身的法律體系相適應(yīng),萬不可生硬地照搬照抄,應(yīng)該考慮到我國具體的社會現(xiàn)實(shí)和現(xiàn)有法律制度的國情。第五章我國遺產(chǎn)管理制度之立法現(xiàn)狀考察。本章共分兩節(jié),第一節(jié)考察了我國遺產(chǎn)管理制度的立法現(xiàn)狀,指出目前我國遺產(chǎn)管理制度的內(nèi)容僅僅體現(xiàn)在遺囑執(zhí)行和遺產(chǎn)保管以及無人承受遺產(chǎn)管理的規(guī)定中。第二節(jié)在考察我國遺產(chǎn)管理制度立法現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上,指出我國現(xiàn)行遺產(chǎn)管理制度立法存在的局限性,即立法理念滯后、立法體例不科學(xué)、遺產(chǎn)管理制度的體系和內(nèi)容不健全,缺乏對遺產(chǎn)管理制度內(nèi)容的系統(tǒng)規(guī)定,而且現(xiàn)有的遺囑執(zhí)行、遺產(chǎn)保管以及無人承受遺產(chǎn)管理的規(guī)定不完善。第六章遺產(chǎn)管理制度之學(xué)者建議稿考察與評析。本章共分兩節(jié),第一節(jié)是遺產(chǎn)管理制度之學(xué)者建議稿考察,為深入地研究遺產(chǎn)管理制度,構(gòu)建適合我國國情的遺產(chǎn)管理制度,本節(jié)主要選取當(dāng)前我國學(xué)者提出的繼承法建議稿中有關(guān)遺產(chǎn)管理制度的建議進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的考察,這六份建議稿主要包括梁慧星等學(xué)者建議稿、徐國棟等學(xué)者建議稿、王利明等學(xué)者建議稿、張玉敏等學(xué)者建議稿、陳葦?shù)葘W(xué)者建議稿、楊立新等學(xué)者建議稿。第二節(jié)主要對這六份學(xué)者建議稿進(jìn)行評析,分別從遺產(chǎn)管理的啟動、遺產(chǎn)管理人、遺產(chǎn)管理的費(fèi)用和報(bào)酬、遺產(chǎn)管理的終止四個(gè)方面對六份學(xué)者建議稿進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的比較評析。第七章為完善我國遺產(chǎn)管理制度之建議。本章共分三節(jié),第一節(jié)的內(nèi)容是我國遺產(chǎn)管理制度之立法理念的建議。提出我國遺產(chǎn)管理制度貫徹的立法理念,應(yīng)該是平等保護(hù)繼承關(guān)系中所有遺產(chǎn)權(quán)利主體的合法權(quán)利,有效保障遺產(chǎn)繼承秩序和社會經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序的穩(wěn)定。第二節(jié)的內(nèi)容是我國遺產(chǎn)管理制度之立法體例的建議。提出我國遺產(chǎn)管理制度的立法體例應(yīng)該是在民法典制定的前提下,保留現(xiàn)有的繼承法分為五章的形式,將遺產(chǎn)管理制度的內(nèi)容規(guī)定在繼承法的“遺產(chǎn)處理”一章中,并在此章將其獨(dú)立成節(jié),對其內(nèi)容進(jìn)行全面、系統(tǒng)的規(guī)定。第三節(jié)的內(nèi)容是確立完善、系統(tǒng)的遺產(chǎn)管理制度之具體內(nèi)容的建議。提出完整的遺產(chǎn)管理制度應(yīng)該包括遺產(chǎn)管理的啟動、遺產(chǎn)管理人、遺產(chǎn)管理的費(fèi)用和報(bào)酬、遺產(chǎn)管理的終止。其中遺產(chǎn)管理人的內(nèi)容應(yīng)從遺產(chǎn)管理人的產(chǎn)生、遺產(chǎn)管理人的資格、遺產(chǎn)管理人的職責(zé)、遺產(chǎn)管理人的法律責(zé)任四方面予以完善。
[Abstract]:The eighteen Party of the party has put forward the guiding principle of governing the country by law, clearly should give full play to the guiding and promoting role of the legislation, and emphasize the pace of the compilation of the civil code. The inheritance law is an important part of the civil code. The perfection of its content is related to the scientific formulation of the national code. Therefore, the heritage management system in the inheritance law The research has important theoretical and practical significance. At present, the inheritance law of China has no systematic and perfect heritage management system, but it is only in principle that the sixteenth articles, 1 and twenty-fourth of the law, and the opinions of the Supreme People's Court on carrying out several issues of the implementation of the inheritance Law (hereinafter referred to as the implementation of the inheritance law) in the forty-fourth article forty-fourth 3. There is a lack of legal loopholes in the provisions of the management of heritage, the management of heritage, the cost and remuneration of heritage management, the termination of the management of heritage and so on. In the rapid development of the society and economy, the number of people's wealth and number is increasing, and the relationship between the creditor's right and debt is increasing. In the social background of complex and increasing population mortality, the lack of a system for the management and distribution of the heritage after the death of the heirs, the parties contend for the inheritance of inheritance disputes and the interest protection of the legacy creditors. Facing the social reality and national conditions of our country, the necessity of setting up the heritage management system has been necessary. Therefore, the proposal for the establishment of a heritage management system is proposed in order to provide a choice for the inheritance of the litigants and to improve the inheritance law of our country. In addition to the introduction, this article is divided into seven chapters, about 20 thousand words. Chapter 1 the basic theory of the management system of heritage. This chapter is divided into two sections, the first section of the management of heritage management. The definition of the system, first of all, examines the academic disputes of the current academic circles on "heritage management system" or "heritage manager system", and defines the concept of heritage management system from the perspective of semantics and jurisprudence, and then, on the basis of a comparative analysis of the different views on the concept of heritage management system in the current Chinese academia, It refers to the meaning of the legacy management system. It refers to the duties of a will, or the successor, or the appointed administrator of the court, to protect and manage the legacy of inheritance before the inheritance is divided, and to protect and protect the heritage through its effective management of the heritage to protect the heritage from damage before being accepted or abandoned. The system of fair and orderly distribution. At the same time, it is proposed that the system of heritage management has a specific time period, a specific starting procedure, the main body is the heritage manager, the management task is completed by various measures, and the management of heritage has five characteristics of specific purpose. Secondly, in order to more accurately determine the meaning of the heritage management system, In the process of heritage management, the preservation of heritage, the execution of the will, the concept of the Heritage Trust and the concept of heritage management are compared and differentiated. Finally, according to the different types of inheritance, the scope of the application of the management system of the heritage is clearly defined, namely, the succession of the will and the legal inheritance. The second section discusses the main contents of the management system of the heritage, and refers to the main contents of the system of the management of the heritage. The complete heritage management system should mainly include the start of the heritage management, the estate manager, the cost and reward of the heritage management, the four contents of the termination of the heritage management. The second chapter is the historical evolution of the heritage management system. This chapter is divided into three sections. The first section mainly introduces the legacy management system in ancient society. First, the period of the ancient Rome law. The system of heritage management is inspected, and it is pointed out that in the process of the development of "general inheritance" to "limited inheritance", there has been a situation of inheritor, slave, executor, trustee of Heritage Trust, state and other subjects to manage the heritage. Secondly, it analyses the evolution of the legacy management system in the period of the Germanic law, and points out that the inheritance rules are limited. Then there have been the situation of the inheritance, the executor, the father of the children, the state power department and other subjects. Again, the heritage management system of the ancient Chinese society is analyzed, and the evolution and development of the system in our country are expounded. It is pointed out that the ancient society in our country has been managed by the main body of male parents, widows and government officials in our country. The second section mainly introduces the historical evolution of the modern social heritage management system, including the legacy management system in the modern civil law countries, the legacy management system of the Anglo American law countries (regions) and the heritage management system in our country. The third section analyses the characteristics of the historical evolution of the management system of the relic production, and points out the ancient times. The evolution of the generation of social heritage management system presents the following four features: the development of private ownership and the development of commodity economy promoting the generation of heritage management, the characteristics of the inheritance of the heritage management subject, the privilege of the monarchy intervening the heritage management, the phenomenon of the inequality between men and women in the heritage management. The evolution of the heritage management system in modern society The characteristics are to eliminate the identity of the heritage manager, to balance the interests of the heritage rights, to ensure the unity of freedom and restriction, to strengthen the state's intervention in the management of heritage. The third chapter constructs the legitimate basis of our heritage management system. This chapter is divided into two sections. The first section is mainly about the theoretical basis for the construction of our country's heritage management system. First, it points out that the legacy management system has the value orientation of fairness, freedom, efficiency and order, and then analyzes the functions of the heritage management system, including the preservation of the heritage, the fair and orderly distribution of the heritage, the protection of the interests of the heritage rights, the security of the transaction, and so on. The second section is mainly about the social basis for the construction of the heritage management system. On the basis of the foundation, it is pointed out that China has the proper social foundation for the establishment of the heritage management system. On the one hand, the accumulation of the wealth of citizens is increasing year by year, the aging of the population is increasing, the social reality of the succession of inheritance disputes is in urgent need of the establishment of the heritage management system. On the other hand, the traditional habits of the people in the management of the management of the heritage are reflected in our country. The fourth chapters are divided into three sections. The first section is the inspection of the heritage management system in four countries, France, Germany, Japan and Italy, the continental law system. First, it introduces the legislative style of the heritage management system of various countries, and then to the heritage. The main contents of the management system are reviewed, including the starting of the management of heritage, the management of heritage, the cost and reward of the heritage management, and the termination of the heritage management in four aspects. The content of the heritage manager includes the generation of the estate manager, the qualification of the heritage Manager, the duties of the heritage manager, and the legal responsibility of the estate manager. The second section is the inspection of the heritage management system of Britain, the United States and Australia in the Anglo American legal system, the contents of which are in accordance with the countries of the continental law system. The third section is the comparison and analysis of the foreign heritage management system. First, the legislative style and its main contents of the heritage management system in the two legal system countries are carried out. In the final analysis, it is concluded that the common purpose of the establishment of the heritage management system in the continental law system and the common law countries is to protect the heritage, protect the legitimate interests of the successors and other heritages and ensure the orderly distribution of the heritage. However, we should be aware of the reference of our country to the management system of the remains. The choice and establishment of the specific legal system must be adapted to the legal system of the country itself. It should not be copied and copied, and we should take into account the specific social reality of our country and the national conditions of the existing legal system. The fifth chapter of the legislative status of our country's heritage management system. This chapter is divided into two sections. The first section inspects our heritage management. The present situation of the legislation of the system points out that the content of our country's heritage management system is only reflected in the stipulations of the executor and the legacy and the management of the heritage. The second section, on the basis of investigating the current legislation of our country's heritage management system, points out the limitations of the current legislation of our country's legacy management system, that is, the legislative idea. The system and content of the heritage management system are not scientific, the system and content of the heritage management system are not perfect, the system and the content of the heritage management system are not systematic, and the existing will, the preservation of the legacy and the regulations on the management of the heritage are not perfect. The sixth chapters of the heritage management system are divided into two sections, first In order to study the system of heritage management and build a heritage management system suitable for the national conditions of our country, this section mainly selects the suggestions on the inheritance management system in the draft of the inheritance law proposed by the scholars of our country. These six suggestions mainly include Liang Huixing and other studies. The draft proposal, Xu Guodong and other scholars suggested draft, Wang Liming and other scholars suggested manuscripts, Zhang Yumin and other scholars suggested manuscripts, Chen reed and other scholars suggested manuscripts, Yang Lixin and other scholars suggested draft. The second section mainly comments on the six scholars' recommendations, respectively from the start of the Heritage Management, the management of heritage, the cost and reward of heritage management, and the management of heritage. There are four aspects of the systematic comparison and analysis of the six scholars' recommendations. The seventh chapter is a proposal to improve our country's heritage management system. This chapter is divided into three sections. The first section is the proposal of the legislative idea of our country's heritage management system. The concept of the implementation of the heritage management system in our country should be the inheritance of equal protection in the inheritance relationship. The legal rights of the subject of all the rights of the heritage effectively guarantee the order of inheritance and the stability of the social and economic order. The content of the second section is the proposal of the legislative style of our country's heritage management system. The legislative style of our country's heritage management system should be to keep the existing inheritance law into five chapters under the premise of the civil code. The content of the inheritance management system is stipulated in the chapter of inheritance law "heritage treatment", and it is independent of the chapter in this chapter. The content is comprehensive and systematic. The content of the third section is to establish and perfect the concrete content of the system of the system of heritage management. The complete management system of heritage should include the management of heritage. Starting, the estate manager, the cost and remuneration of the heritage management, and the termination of the management of the heritage. The content of the estate manager should be perfected from the generation of the estate manager, the qualification of the estate manager, the duties of the heritage manager, and the legal responsibility of the estate manager.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D923.5
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本文編號：1797862