本文選題：流浪動(dòng)物　切入點(diǎn)：致人損害　出處：《大連海事大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),隨著人們生活水平的提升,對(duì)生活質(zhì)量有了更高的要求,飼養(yǎng)動(dòng)物數(shù)目也隨之增長(zhǎng)。與之一同增長(zhǎng)的是動(dòng)物致害現(xiàn)象日趨增多,根據(jù)最近幾年各地的報(bào)道,出現(xiàn)了不少流浪動(dòng)物攻擊人類(lèi)的案例。在這些案例中,被攻擊者均受人身傷害,在經(jīng)濟(jì)上需要承擔(dān)上千元的醫(yī)藥費(fèi)用；在攻擊嚴(yán)重的案例中,被侵權(quán)者甚至失去了生命。流浪動(dòng)物致害往往索賠無(wú)門(mén),一時(shí)間流浪動(dòng)物致人損害的問(wèn)題引起了輿論的關(guān)注,被提到了法治日程上來(lái)。流浪動(dòng)物傷人后,往往難以確定責(zé)任主體,賠償也難以落到實(shí)處。針對(duì)流浪動(dòng)物致人損害中法律的缺位現(xiàn)象,本文分析了國(guó)內(nèi)外法律在這一方面的立法以及法律實(shí)施狀況,具體分析我國(guó)法律實(shí)施中的不足,總結(jié)實(shí)踐、借鑒經(jīng)驗(yàn),針對(duì)不足之處對(duì)今后發(fā)生侵權(quán)行為提出解決方案,并就流浪動(dòng)物致人損害的法律適用提供一些參考意見(jiàn)。本文第一部分闡述規(guī)制流浪動(dòng)物侵權(quán)的現(xiàn)實(shí)緊迫性。針對(duì)流浪動(dòng)物侵權(quán)現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)計(jì)和總結(jié),分析流浪動(dòng)物攻擊人類(lèi)和妨礙管理的現(xiàn)象,進(jìn)而分析了流浪動(dòng)物的隱性危害,初步總結(jié)在流浪動(dòng)物致人損害現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重的背后是法律的缺位,流浪動(dòng)物侵權(quán)現(xiàn)象的嚴(yán)重性,凸顯該問(wèn)題治理的現(xiàn)實(shí)緊迫性。第二部分針對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)立法和法律適用上的不足進(jìn)行了分析歸納和總結(jié)。首先,總結(jié)流浪動(dòng)物致人損害侵權(quán)的構(gòu)成要件。其次,圍繞構(gòu)成要件進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的延伸,分析其責(zé)任主體、歸責(zé)原則、免責(zé)事由以及責(zé)任形式。再次,具體分析我國(guó)法律實(shí)施中的不足,包括流浪動(dòng)物概念界定、侵權(quán)主體不明確、主體落實(shí)難、責(zé)任落實(shí)難和流浪動(dòng)物保護(hù)機(jī)制不健全等幾個(gè)方面。第三部分通過(guò)比較分析法,對(duì)應(yīng)上一部分責(zé)任主體、歸責(zé)原則、免責(zé)事由、構(gòu)成要件以及責(zé)任形式的結(jié)構(gòu),比較了國(guó)外流浪動(dòng)物規(guī)制法律的立法,分析國(guó)內(nèi)立法的利弊,以比較的手段更加深刻地了解我國(guó)關(guān)于流浪動(dòng)物侵權(quán)方面立法的現(xiàn)狀。最后一部分針對(duì)上文提到的不足之處以及結(jié)合外國(guó)立法的有益經(jīng)驗(yàn),提出了相應(yīng)的完善建議。包括從立法及理論上的界定概念、明確主體、完善主體責(zé)任,到實(shí)踐中以互助會(huì)的形式以及政府介入管理保護(hù)流浪動(dòng)物等,力求多管齊下,理論結(jié)合實(shí)際以促成流浪動(dòng)物侵權(quán)問(wèn)題的解決。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards, the quality of life has become more demanding, and the number of animals raised has also increased. Along with it, the phenomenon of animal damage has been increasing, according to reports in recent years. There have been many cases of stray animals attacking human beings. In these cases, the assailants were all physically injured and financially required to pay thousands of dollars in medical expenses; in serious cases of attacks, The victims even lost their lives. The victims of stray animals often have no claim for damages. The problem of causing damage to people by stray animals at one time has aroused public concern and has been put on the agenda of the rule of law. After the stray animals have hurt people, It is often difficult to determine the subject of responsibility and to enforce the compensation. In view of the absence of law in the damage caused by stray animals, this paper analyzes the legislation and implementation of domestic and foreign laws in this respect. Analyzing the deficiency of our country's law enforcement, summing up the practice, drawing lessons from the experience, and putting forward the solution to the future tort behavior in view of the deficiency. The first part of this paper expounds the practical urgency of regulating the torts of stray animals, and makes statistics and summary on the phenomenon of torts caused by stray animals. This paper analyzes the phenomenon of stray animals attacking human beings and hindering management, and then analyzes the hidden harm of vagrant animals, and preliminarily sums up the absence of laws behind the serious damage caused by stray animals, and the seriousness of torts caused by stray animals. The second part analyzes and summarizes the deficiencies in domestic legislation and the application of laws. First, summarizes the constitutive elements of human damage caused by stray animals. Secondly, Based on the corresponding extension of the constitutive elements, this paper analyzes the subject of responsibility, the principle of imputation, the reason of exemption and the form of liability. Thirdly, it analyzes the deficiencies in the implementation of the law in China, including the definition of the concept of stray animals and the unclear subject of tort. The third part, by means of comparative analysis, corresponds to the above part of the main body of responsibility, the principle of imputation, the reason of exemption, the elements of constitution and the structure of liability form, etc. This paper compares the legislation of foreign laws governing stray animals, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of domestic legislation. A more profound understanding of the current situation of legislation on the infringement of stray animals in our country by comparative means. The last part aims at the deficiencies mentioned above and the beneficial experience of combining foreign legislation, The corresponding suggestions are put forward, including defining the concept of legislation and theory, clarifying the subject, perfecting the responsibility of the subject, to the form of mutual aid association in practice and the government intervention in the management of the protection of stray animals, and so on, in order to achieve a multi-pronged approach. The theory combines with practice to solve the problem of torts of stray animals.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D923

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