本文選題：住宅專(zhuān)項(xiàng)維修資金　切入點(diǎn)：物業(yè)管理　出處：《西南政法大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：住宅專(zhuān)項(xiàng)維修資金是專(zhuān)項(xiàng)用于住宅共用部分、共用設(shè)施設(shè)備維修、更新和改造的資金,是房屋的“養(yǎng)老金”,關(guān)系到居民房屋的正常使用。隨著我國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)住房制度改革的推進(jìn),人們的居住環(huán)境得到了逐步的改善。在改善居住環(huán)境的同時(shí),住宅小區(qū)內(nèi)共用部分、共用設(shè)施設(shè)備維修、更新和改造的問(wèn)題也開(kāi)始引起人們的關(guān)注,尤其是在緊急使用維修資金方面。隨著住宅小區(qū)建成投入使用的時(shí)間越來(lái)越長(zhǎng),小區(qū)內(nèi)住宅共用部分、共用設(shè)施設(shè)備開(kāi)始逐漸進(jìn)入到維修周期,需要使用維修資金對(duì)其進(jìn)行維修、更新和改造。目前在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)已歸集了數(shù)額巨大的住宅專(zhuān)項(xiàng)維修資金,據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)總金額已超過(guò)萬(wàn)億元。然而這筆資金的使用率卻極低,全國(guó)整體使用率不足1%。當(dāng)小區(qū)內(nèi)出現(xiàn)“緊急情況”急需使用維修資金之時(shí),往往很難順利申請(qǐng)到維修資金。這樣的現(xiàn)狀將打擊業(yè)主使用維修資金的積極性,并影響維修資金的安全合理使用。我國(guó)的住宅專(zhuān)項(xiàng)維修資金制度自上世紀(jì)八十年代建立至今,經(jīng)過(guò)了一系列的發(fā)展歷程。從最早的《城市異產(chǎn)毗連房屋管理規(guī)定》到《住宅共用部分共用設(shè)施設(shè)備維修基金管理辦法》,再到《物業(yè)管理?xiàng)l例》、《物權(quán)法》,及至《住宅專(zhuān)項(xiàng)維修資金管理辦法》,由最初的不成熟不完善到現(xiàn)在的逐步成熟完善,并開(kāi)始形成比較完整的體系。在我國(guó)住宅專(zhuān)項(xiàng)維修資金緊急使用的過(guò)程中,存在的一些問(wèn)題急需解決。首要問(wèn)題是“緊急情況”的認(rèn)定規(guī)則不明。對(duì)于“緊急情況”的具體范圍、認(rèn)定主體及不可抗力是否屬于“緊急情況”等,現(xiàn)有法律規(guī)定都沒(méi)有明確界定。對(duì)于“緊急情況”的使用程序,現(xiàn)有的規(guī)定則過(guò)于繁瑣缺乏可操作性,并且缺乏相關(guān)配套實(shí)施細(xì)則提供具體指導(dǎo)。在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中,許多業(yè)主對(duì)于維修資金的性質(zhì)和功能缺乏必要認(rèn)識(shí),其自治組織的作用發(fā)揮亦有限,這些也是在緊急使用維修資金的過(guò)程中要注意的問(wèn)題。為了保證住宅專(zhuān)項(xiàng)維修資金的安全、有效使用,維護(hù)居民正常的生活秩序,需要對(duì)現(xiàn)有的維修資金緊急使用制度予以完善。首先要健全“緊急情況”的認(rèn)定機(jī)制,要細(xì)化“緊急情況”的具體范圍,明確“緊急情況”的認(rèn)定機(jī)制,并將不可抗力界定為“緊急情況”。也可以在條件允許之時(shí)建立“緊急情況”下的強(qiáng)制維修制度與應(yīng)急備用金制度,在維修過(guò)程中還可引入第三方審計(jì)監(jiān)管機(jī)制。同時(shí),也要加強(qiáng)業(yè)主自治組織的建設(shè)和完善。
[Abstract]:The special maintenance fund for housing is used specifically for the common part of housing, the maintenance, renewal and renovation of common facilities and equipment. It is the "pension" of housing, which is related to the normal use of residential houses. With the development of the reform of housing system in cities and towns in China, People's living environment has been gradually improved. While improving the living environment, the problems of common parts, common facilities, equipment maintenance, renewal and renovation in residential areas are also beginning to attract people's attention. Especially in the emergency use of maintenance funds. As the residential area is built and put into use more and more time, the common parts of the residential area, the common facilities and equipment begin to gradually enter the maintenance cycle. It needs to be repaired, renovated and renovated with maintenance funds. At present, a huge amount of special maintenance funds for residential buildings have been collected throughout the country. According to incomplete statistics, the total amount has exceeded trillion yuan. However, the utilization rate of this fund is extremely low. The overall utilization rate of the whole country is less than 1%. When there is an "emergency situation" in the community where the maintenance fund is urgently needed, it is often very difficult to apply for the maintenance fund successfully. Such a situation will dampen the enthusiasm of the owners in using the maintenance fund. And affect the safe and reasonable use of maintenance funds. China's residential special maintenance fund system has been established since -20s, After a series of development, from the earliest "regulations on the Management of contiguous Houses" to the "measures for the maintenance of Common facilities and Equipments in Residential areas", to the regulations on property Management, the property Law, and the <. Measures for the Management of Special maintenance funds for Residential buildings. "from initial immaturity and imperfection to gradual maturity and perfection now," And began to form a relatively complete system. In the process of emergency use of special housing maintenance funds in China, There are some problems that need to be solved urgently. The first problem is that the rules for determining "emergency" are not clear. For the specific scope of "emergency", the subject and force majeure belong to "emergency", etc. None of the existing legal provisions are clearly defined. With regard to the procedures for the use of "emergencies", the existing provisions are too cumbersome and lack maneuverability, and lack of specific guidance on the relevant implementation rules. In real life, Many owners lack the necessary understanding of the nature and function of maintenance funds, and the role of their autonomous organizations is also limited. These are also problems to be paid attention to in the process of emergency use of maintenance funds. In order to effectively use and maintain the normal living order of the residents, it is necessary to perfect the existing system of emergency use of maintenance funds. First of all, it is necessary to perfect the identification mechanism of "emergency situations" and to refine the specific scope of "emergency situations." Clarifying the identification mechanism of "emergency" and defining force majeure as "emergency"... the compulsory maintenance system and emergency reserve fund system under "emergency" may also be established when conditions permit, In the process of maintenance, the third party audit supervision mechanism can be introduced. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the construction and perfection of the owner's autonomous organization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D923.2

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