本文選題：第三人侵害合同債權(quán)　切入點：債權(quán)效力　出處：《北京交通大學》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：第三人侵害合同債權(quán)制度的構(gòu)建是當前國際趨勢,將該制度納入到侵權(quán)法體系內(nèi)是我國民法典編纂中的重要環(huán)節(jié)。合同債權(quán)作為相對權(quán),是阻礙第三人侵犯合同債權(quán)制度在大陸法國家得到認可的主要理論屏障,而其在英美法系國家源遠流長。我國私法體系中絕對權(quán)與相對權(quán)二元結(jié)構(gòu)的劃分標準根本上是從權(quán)利或者權(quán)能實現(xiàn)的角度來說的,兩者效力范圍是以此為基礎(chǔ)展開的,從而就形成了相對權(quán)的效力范圍僅限于特定人之間,而無關(guān)他人的現(xiàn)狀。所以,承認侵害債權(quán)制度并不會以破壞絕對權(quán)與相對權(quán)的固有體系為代價。選擇此題的直接目的是為合同債權(quán)人的合法權(quán)益在受到合同關(guān)系外第三人侵害時得以受到法律保護,使受損合同債權(quán)得到賠償,長遠上維護市場經(jīng)濟秩序,促進經(jīng)濟發(fā)展。通過對此題目的研究,尋求合同債權(quán)作為侵權(quán)法保護客體的內(nèi)在原因,窺探我國民法體系的結(jié)構(gòu),為正籌備《民法典》盡一絲綿力。撰寫論文所運用到的方法有法解釋學的方法、比較分析的方法和歷史研究的方法。此文圍繞第三人侵害合同債權(quán)的主題,從四個方面展開論述：首先,對第三人侵害合同債權(quán)制度進行總體的概括介紹,通過不同國家地區(qū)的成文法規(guī)定和判例明確其內(nèi)涵,分析其法律性質(zhì)。其次,探究我國構(gòu)建第三人侵害合同債權(quán)制度的實踐需求、法律依據(jù)和學理基礎(chǔ),從而表明我國應構(gòu)建該制度來滿足現(xiàn)實生活和法制構(gòu)建的需要。再者,圍繞第三人侵害合同債權(quán)行為構(gòu)成要件及責任逐一分析,主要依據(jù)現(xiàn)今各國（地區(qū)）已有的成文法規(guī)定、相關(guān)判例以及我國相關(guān)的司法實踐、法官評論以及權(quán)威學者的見解。最后,對目前我國第三人侵害合同債權(quán)制度構(gòu)建狀況進行探究分析,主要依據(jù)的是已有的學界主流觀點和我國歷年民法典草案建議稿,通過針對其中存在的問題進行分析并提出相應的解決意見,來表明筆者的觀點。本文創(chuàng)新之處,實為筆者自己思考與觀察問題的視角。一是,筆者對絕對權(quán)與相對權(quán)二分法進行探析,尋求兩者區(qū)別的本質(zhì)所在,支持債權(quán)內(nèi)外兩個維度的理論,合同債權(quán)的本質(zhì)實為一種可期待的利益,并以此作為其受侵權(quán)法保護的理論基礎(chǔ)。二是,在我國現(xiàn)有的法律規(guī)定和司法實踐中搜尋對第三人侵害合同債權(quán)行為的法律規(guī)制,以此證明在我國現(xiàn)有法律體系內(nèi)對第三人侵害債權(quán)救濟的事實。三是,就第三人侵害債權(quán)制度設(shè)計部分量的分析,其構(gòu)成要件直接決定法律對債權(quán)保護的程度,具體包括第三人的界定、主觀要件、第三人侵權(quán)責任承擔等。
[Abstract]:It is the current international trend to construct the system of the third party's infringement contract creditor's rights. It is an important link in the compilation of civil code of our country to bring this system into the tort law system, and the contract creditor's right is regarded as the relative right. It is the main theoretical barrier that prevents the third party from obtaining the recognition of the contract claim system in the mainland France. But it has a long history in Anglo-American legal system. In our private law system, the division standard of dualistic structure of absolute right and relative right is fundamentally from the angle of realization of right or power, and the scope of their effectiveness is based on this. Thus the scope of effectiveness of the relative power is limited to certain persons, not the status quo of others. The direct purpose of choosing this question is to protect the legitimate rights and interests of contract creditors when infringed by a third party outside the contractual relationship, at the expense of destroying the inherent system of absolute and relative rights and interests, the direct purpose of choosing this question is to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the contract creditors when infringed by the third party outside the contractual relationship. In order to maintain the order of market economy and promote the development of economy in the long run, the creditor's rights of contract can be compensated. Through the study of this subject, the author tries to find out the internal reasons of the creditor's rights of contract as the object of tort law, and to probe into the structure of the civil law system of our country. In order to prepare the Civil Code, the methods used in the preparation of the Civil Code include the method of legal hermeneutics, the method of comparative analysis and the method of historical research. First of all, a general introduction to the third party infringement contract creditor's rights system, through different countries and regions of statutory law provisions and precedents to clarify its connotation, analysis of its legal nature. This paper probes into the practical demand, legal basis and theoretical basis of constructing the system of creditor's rights of the third party's infringement contract in our country, which indicates that our country should construct the system to meet the needs of real life and legal construction. Based on the analysis of the constitutive requirements and liability of the third party's infringement of contract creditor's rights, this paper mainly bases on the statutory provisions, relevant cases and the relevant judicial practice of our country (region). Finally, the author explores and analyzes the construction of the creditor's rights system of the third party's infringement contract in our country, which is mainly based on the existing mainstream viewpoints of academic circles and the suggestions of the draft civil code of our country over the years. Through the analysis of the existing problems and the corresponding suggestions to solve the problem, to show the author's point of view. The innovation of this paper is the perspective of the author's own thinking and observation of the problem. The author probes into the dichotomy of absolute right and relative right, seeks the essence of the difference between the two, supports the theory of two dimensions inside and outside the creditor's rights, the essence of the contract creditor's rights is a kind of expectable interest. The second is to search for the legal regulation of the third party's infringement of contract creditor's rights in the existing law and judicial practice of our country. In order to prove the fact that the third party infringes the creditor's rights in the current legal system of our country. Third, the author analyzes the part of the design of the third party's infringement of creditor's rights system, and its constituent elements directly determine the degree of the legal protection to the creditor's rights. Including the definition of the third party, subjective elements, tort liability of the third party and so on.
【學位授予單位】：北京交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D923

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