本文關(guān)鍵詞： 獨(dú)生子女家庭 “失獨(dú)”群體 權(quán)益保障　出處：《南京財經(jīng)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：1980年9月25日,中共中央發(fā)表了《關(guān)于控制人口增長問題致全體共產(chǎn)黨員、共青團(tuán)員的公開信》,信中提倡每對夫妻只生育一個孩子。此后,“計劃生育政策”開始在全國范圍內(nèi)推行起來。三十多年來,數(shù)以億計的獨(dú)生子女家庭在中國漸漸產(chǎn)生,尤其是在城市地區(qū)“只生一個孩子”已經(jīng)成為一種習(xí)慣與主流,即使是在不太富裕的農(nóng)村地區(qū),獨(dú)生子女的數(shù)量也在漸漸增長。如今,這些積極響應(yīng)國家號召的父母已年逾半百,第一代獨(dú)生子女也日漸到了而立之年,有了自己的家庭與生活,但是與此同時,一個特殊的群體也開始被社會給予關(guān)注,那就是獨(dú)生子女死亡的家庭,學(xué)界也稱之為“失獨(dú)家庭”。據(jù)國內(nèi)媒體和人口專家測算,當(dāng)前我國的“失獨(dú)”家庭數(shù)量已過百萬,同時還在以每年近八萬個的速度在增長。①在中國傳統(tǒng)家庭多子多福的觀念中,僅有的一個孩子的死亡無疑對家庭的打擊是毀滅性的。但是目前學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域?qū)Α笆И?dú)”群體給予的關(guān)注還是微乎甚微,尤其在法學(xué)領(lǐng)域?qū)Α笆И?dú)”群體權(quán)益保障問題的研究還比較空白,所以本文在一部分引述中也引用了相關(guān)社會學(xué)的論述,以期能夠更好的對這個問題給予詮釋。文章第一部分主要闡述了對“失獨(dú)”群體的定義,通過一些“失獨(dú)”者內(nèi)心的聲音來了解他們的生活狀態(tài)和內(nèi)心世界,了解獨(dú)生子女對他們而言的重要意義。繼而剖析了“失獨(dú)”群體產(chǎn)生的緣由,論述了國家政策實(shí)施與“失獨(dú)”群體日益增多的客觀聯(lián)系,在此基礎(chǔ)上提出“失獨(dú)群體權(quán)益保障問題研究”的命題。第二部分首先根據(jù)國家衛(wèi)生計生委公布的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)以及社科院的相關(guān)研究,得以了解我國生育率的總體水平,從而估算出目前我國“失獨(dú)”人口的大概數(shù)量。緊接著就去考慮這種情況下“失獨(dú)”群體面臨的經(jīng)濟(jì)、養(yǎng)老、子女收養(yǎng)、精神狀況等各個方面的問題,由此類推分析了我國保障“失獨(dú)”群體權(quán)益的必要性跟緊迫性。第三個部分是關(guān)于文章的理論支持,也就是“失獨(dú)”群體權(quán)益保障的理論基礎(chǔ)。在這個部分既涵蓋了一些社會學(xué)相關(guān)的理論,如“社會支持”理論和“福利多元化”理論,也重點(diǎn)突出了“權(quán)利義務(wù)相一致”的法律原則和“權(quán)責(zé)統(tǒng)一”的政府責(zé)任這兩個法學(xué)相關(guān)的重要理論,以此來論述“失獨(dú)群體權(quán)益保障問題研究”這個命題的正當(dāng)性。第四部分分析我國在保障“失獨(dú)”群體權(quán)益時的現(xiàn)狀與缺陷。重點(diǎn)指出我國現(xiàn)行法律在這個領(lǐng)域中的空白以及社會保障體系的不完善,同時也指出了在精神關(guān)懷方面還可以有很多嘗試和可以改變的空間,以期可以在第五部分得到解決問題的措施方案。第五部分是文章解決問題的重要部分,主要是根據(jù)上述的現(xiàn)狀和問題提出對于建立“失獨(dú)”群體權(quán)益保障體系的一些可行的建議。在這部分中會有一些可操作性強(qiáng)的創(chuàng)新的建議,希望不斷完善與本命題相關(guān)的各領(lǐng)域的法律法規(guī),更好的提倡人文關(guān)懷,將這些美好的設(shè)想落實(shí)到政策和行動之中,幫助“失獨(dú)”群體慢慢走出那片陰霾,努力找尋到生活的信心和樂趣。最后結(jié)語部分是對這篇文章的總結(jié)和對未來的翹首。
[Abstract]:In September 25, 1980, the CPC Central Committee issued "on the increase of population control to all members of the Communist Party, the Youth League of the open letter", advocate every couple one child in the letter. "Since then, the family planning policy was launched in the country. Over the past thirty years, hundreds of millions of one-child families have gradually in Chinese especially in the city area," one child "has become a habit with the mainstream, even in less affluent rural areas, the number of only child is gradually increasing. Now, the positive response to the national call parents over the age of fifty, the first generation of only children is to have thirty years of age. The family and their own life, but at the same time, a special group has been a social concern, that is the dead child family, academia also known as the" lost family alone ". according to the domestic media and population expert estimates, China's current" Shidu "family number millions, while still at an annual growth rate of nearly eighty thousand. In the traditional family China multi Fu concept, with a child's death is no doubt the family was devastating. But at present the academic field of lost independence groups given attention or very little, especially in the field of law research on the security problems of lost interest groups is still relatively blank, so this part of the quote also quotes the relevant sociological treatise, in order to better the given interpretation. The first part mainly expounds the definition of" lost "groups, to understand their living conditions and the inner world through some of the lost their inner voice, to understand the significance of the only child for them. And then analyzes the reasons why lost independence groups, and discusses the lost contact group objective increasing the implementation of the national policy, on the basis of the lost independence groups to protect the interests of the proposition. The second part according to the correlation of the National Health Planning Commission released the relevant data and the Academy of Social Sciences and to understand the overall level of China's fertility rate, and to estimate the current lost population probably number. Then go to consider this case lost independence groups face economic, pension, child adoption, mental status and other aspects of the problem, which on the analysis of China's security the necessity of "lost the interests of groups with urgency. The third part is about the theoretical support, that is" lost their rights and interests. The theory in this section covers not only some social Study of relevant theories, such as "social support" and "the theory of welfare pluralism theory, also highlights the important theory of" the two law related government responsibility legal principles consistent with the rights and obligations and responsibilities of unity ", in order to discuss the legitimacy of the lost independence groups rights protection of the proposition. The fourth part analyzes the status quo and defects in the protection of the lost interest groups in China. Key points out that China's current legal gaps in this field and the social security system is not perfect, but also pointed out that in the spiritual care aspect also can have a lot of try and can change the space, in order to you can get the measures plan to solve the problems in the fifth part. The fifth part is an important part of the article is mainly to solve the problem, according to the current situation and problems of the above proposed for the establishment of" Shidu "rights protection group Some feasible suggestions avoidance system. In this part, there will be some operational innovation and strong suggestions, hopes to improve the laws and regulations in various fields related to this proposition, to better promote the humanistic concern, these good ideas to implement policy and action, to help the lost out group the clouds slowly, trying to find the confidence of life and fun. The last part is the summary of the article and the future eagerly.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D922.1

【共引文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 程乃勝;;何謂法理學(xué)——讀龐德的《法理學(xué)》(第一卷)[J];安徽大學(xué)法律評論;2004年02期

2 楊海坤;曾祥華;;行政過程的社會正當(dāng)性——利益平衡[J];安徽大學(xué)法律評論;2005年01期

3 呂明;;現(xiàn)代律師制度功能新探[J];安徽教育學(xué)院學(xué)報;2006年01期

4 毛立平;;19世紀(jì)收繼問題研究——以安徽為中心[J];安徽史學(xué);2006年02期

5 王莉;美法兩國違憲審查制度之比較[J];安徽廣播電視大學(xué)學(xué)報;2005年02期

6 龔懷林;;道德視域中的法律運(yùn)行[J];安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);2006年02期

7 林婷;權(quán)威與秩序——對于中間組織缺失與整合之研究[J];安徽師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(人文社會科學(xué)版);2005年01期

8 張宏峰;淺析合同履行中的效率違約現(xiàn)象——兼論《合同法》之強(qiáng)制實(shí)際履行的責(zé)任[J];安徽工業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);2002年03期

9 徐鈍;汪逢春;;關(guān)于推行公益訴訟制度的多視角法理分析[J];安徽工業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);2006年01期

10 趙錦;;“五四”小說的家庭倫理敘事[J];安徽文學(xué)(下半月);2011年08期

，

本文編號：1505493