本文關(guān)鍵詞： 消費(fèi)者合同 經(jīng)營(yíng)者 消費(fèi)者　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：消費(fèi)者合同作為連接消費(fèi)者與經(jīng)營(yíng)者之間的紐帶，無(wú)疑對(duì)雙方而言都至關(guān)重要。而消費(fèi)者與經(jīng)營(yíng)者之間結(jié)構(gòu)性地存在著信息力、交涉力的差距的現(xiàn)實(shí)，更突顯出消費(fèi)者合同的特殊性。在這樣的背景下，從消費(fèi)者合同的界定出發(fā)，在合同訂立、內(nèi)容界定、合同履行過(guò)程中探尋針對(duì)消費(fèi)者合同的特殊性，探究消費(fèi)者權(quán)利保護(hù)的路徑。 界定消費(fèi)者合同是研究消費(fèi)者合同的前提。界定消費(fèi)者合同，從主體身份角度進(jìn)行。消費(fèi)者的界定，其應(yīng)當(dāng)滿(mǎn)足兩個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：消費(fèi)者應(yīng)當(dāng)是自然人；同時(shí)，該自然人應(yīng)當(dāng)滿(mǎn)足生活消費(fèi)的目的。在判斷消費(fèi)目的上，堅(jiān)持“客觀行為說(shuō)”，只要購(gòu)買(mǎi)者沒(méi)有將購(gòu)買(mǎi)的商品或者服務(wù)用于營(yíng)利行為，則其為生活消費(fèi)。為生活消費(fèi)而產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)購(gòu)買(mǎi)行為的主體，應(yīng)當(dāng)界定為消費(fèi)者。經(jīng)營(yíng)者的界定，應(yīng)當(dāng)滿(mǎn)足兩個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：行為的經(jīng)營(yíng)性和與消費(fèi)者對(duì)應(yīng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。就行為的經(jīng)營(yíng)性而言，不論其營(yíng)業(yè)是否營(yíng)利，均為消費(fèi)者保護(hù)法上的經(jīng)營(yíng)者；就與消費(fèi)者對(duì)應(yīng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)而言，，經(jīng)營(yíng)者只有直接或者間接與消費(fèi)者發(fā)生合同關(guān)系時(shí)，才能成為消費(fèi)者合同關(guān)系中的經(jīng)營(yíng)者。 針對(duì)消費(fèi)者合同締結(jié)的特殊性，需要對(duì)其締結(jié)過(guò)程進(jìn)行專(zhuān)門(mén)化的約束。從宏觀上，對(duì)消費(fèi)者合同進(jìn)行專(zhuān)門(mén)化的可能規(guī)制模式為，在合同法中增設(shè)引致條款，將消費(fèi)者合同的約束過(guò)渡到《消費(fèi)者權(quán)益保護(hù)法》中進(jìn)行專(zhuān)門(mén)化規(guī)制。在微觀上，對(duì)消費(fèi)者合同從締結(jié)到履行的整個(gè)過(guò)程進(jìn)行家長(zhǎng)式的關(guān)懷。對(duì)其合同形式及效力的認(rèn)定上，只要不存在《合同法》關(guān)于無(wú)效合同認(rèn)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，原則上應(yīng)當(dāng)承認(rèn)其成立，將其未提供相應(yīng)形式的瑕疵作為履行的瑕疵，補(bǔ)正相應(yīng)的形式即可。對(duì)其締結(jié)實(shí)施“強(qiáng)制持續(xù)制度”。推后雙方意思表示達(dá)成一致的時(shí)間，使雙方在“強(qiáng)制持續(xù)期”內(nèi)，完成各自的努力義務(wù)。 鑒于消費(fèi)者合同內(nèi)容多為格式條款，在內(nèi)容上，對(duì)其規(guī)制主要是通過(guò)對(duì)格式條款的規(guī)制實(shí)現(xiàn)。就格式條款的訂入上，需經(jīng)營(yíng)者應(yīng)當(dāng)完成對(duì)格式條款的披露義務(wù)，消費(fèi)者對(duì)格式條款表示同意方可訂入。在格式條款的解釋上，堅(jiān)持通常理解原則、制定人不利原則、個(gè)別約定優(yōu)先原則。就消費(fèi)者合同內(nèi)容的規(guī)制而言，主要在于合同條款無(wú)效的認(rèn)定。從一般意義上，堅(jiān)持兩個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：即是否偏離了任意規(guī)范與是否違反了誠(chéng)信原則。從具體類(lèi)型上需要對(duì)經(jīng)營(yíng)者責(zé)任進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的劃分。同時(shí)，規(guī)定詳細(xì)的無(wú)效認(rèn)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 在消費(fèi)者合同的履行過(guò)程中，特殊的地方在于通過(guò)賦予消費(fèi)者撤回權(quán)對(duì)消費(fèi)者權(quán)利進(jìn)行保護(hù)。但是，在消費(fèi)者撤回權(quán)的適用范圍上，應(yīng)當(dāng)堅(jiān)持嚴(yán)格控制的前提下適度放寬標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，明確規(guī)定消費(fèi)者撤回權(quán)的失效時(shí)間，防止消費(fèi)者濫用撤回權(quán)。同時(shí)，鑒于消費(fèi)者合同在履行過(guò)程中存在大量糾紛的現(xiàn)狀，可匹配小額訴訟程序與消費(fèi)者公益訴訟制度，從程序上對(duì)其保駕護(hù)航。但在消費(fèi)者公益訴訟制度中，應(yīng)增加對(duì)消費(fèi)者團(tuán)體不當(dāng)行為的撤銷(xiāo)或?qū)ζ溥m格性的否認(rèn)制度。
[Abstract]:The consumer contract as the link between consumers and business operators, no doubt on both sides are important. But between consumers and operators of structural information exists, bargaining power gap between the reality, particularity of prominent consumer contracts. In this context, starting from the definition of consumer contracts, defining the content in the contract in the process of exploring, the performance of the contract, according to the particularity of consumer contracts, explore the path of consumer rights protection.
The definition of consumer contract is the premise of consumer contract. The definition of consumer contract, from the subject angle. The definition of consumer, it should meet two criteria: consumers should be a natural person; at the same time, the natural person shall meet the consumer to consumer. In the judgment of purpose, adhere to the "objective behavior", as long as no buyers will buy goods or services for profit behavior, then it is consumer. For daily consumption and corresponding main purchasing behavior, should be defined as consumers. The operator definition should meet two standards: business and consumer behavior and the corresponding standard. Operating behavior, regardless of their whether the business profit, all operators of consumer protection law; and the corresponding standards for consumers, operators only directly or indirectly with consumer contract In order to be the operator in the contract relationship of the consumer.
According to the particularity of the consumer contract, the need for specialized constraint on the contracting process. From the macro, the consumer contract specialized regulation mode for additional may, by clause in the contract law, the consumer contract transition to the "Consumer Protection Law >, specialized in micro regulation. And for consumers to fulfill the contract from the whole process of a paternalistic care. To determine the form and effect of the contract, as long as there is no" contract law "on the invalid contract recognized standards, in principle, should be recognized for its establishment, it did not provide corresponding form defects as the performance defects, the corresponding correction the form can be. The implementation of the" mandatory continuous system "to the conclusion. After both sides mean that the agreed time, the two sides in the" mandatory duration ", to complete their obligations.
In view of the contents of the contract for consumers in terms of format, in the content, the regulation is mainly through the regulation of standard clauses. The standard terms for entry, the operators need should be completed on the format in terms of the duty of disclosure, consumers said they agreed to be stipulated in the terms of the format. In the interpretation of standard terms, adhere to people usually understand the principle of making unfavorable principle, the principle of agreement on the regulation of individual consumers. The contents of the contract, the main is that the terms of the contract invalid. In a general sense, adhere to the two criteria: whether to deviate from the norm and whether any violation of the principle of good faith. From the specific type of need detailed division of the responsibility of the operator. At the same time, the provisions invalid standard in detail.
In the process of fulfilling the consumer contract in the special place is by giving consumers the right to withdraw the protection of consumer rights. However, the scope of the right of withdrawal in the consumer, should adhere to the strict control of the premise to relax the standard, stipulate the failure time of the withdrawal right of consumers, to prevent consumers from abuse of right of withdrawal. At the same time, in view of the consumer contract in the performance status of the existence of a large number of disputes in the process of matching procedure and consumer litigation system, from the program of the escort. But in the consumer public welfare lawsuit system, should be added to the consumer groups of misconduct revocation or the eligibility of the denial system.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D923.8;D923.6

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 遲穎;;德國(guó)消費(fèi)信貸法規(guī)中的關(guān)聯(lián)合同制度——兼論《德國(guó)民法典》第358條[J];比較法研究;2006年03期

2 張學(xué)哲;;德國(guó)當(dāng)代私法體系變遷中的消費(fèi)者法——以歐盟法為背景[J];比較法研究;2006年06期

3 張學(xué)哲;;消費(fèi)者撤回權(quán)制度與合同自由原則——以中國(guó)民法法典化為背景[J];比較法研究;2009年06期

4 蘇號(hào)朋;定式合同研究——以消費(fèi)者權(quán)益保護(hù)為中心[J];比較法研究;1998年02期

5 孫良國(guó);;消費(fèi)者何以有撤回權(quán)[J];當(dāng)代法學(xué);2011年06期

6 鄭友德;伍春艷;;我國(guó)反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法修訂十問(wèn)[J];法學(xué);2009年01期

7 ;鄭雪峰、陳國(guó)青訴江蘇省人民醫(yī)院醫(yī)療服務(wù)合同糾紛案[J];中華人民共和國(guó)最高人民法院公報(bào);2004年08期

8 蘇號(hào)朋;;《消費(fèi)者權(quán)益保護(hù)法》修改中若干重大問(wèn)題研究[J];西部法學(xué)評(píng)論;2013年02期

9 董新凱,夏瑜;冷卻期制度與消費(fèi)者權(quán)益保護(hù)[J];河北法學(xué);2005年05期

10 汪傳才;;歐盟《分時(shí)度假指令》研究[J];河北法學(xué);2006年02期

本文編號(hào)：1488906