本文關(guān)鍵詞： 專利 侵權(quán) 中藥保護　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目的:中國傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)藥是我國悠久文明沉淀下來的瑰寶,在歷史中早已印證了其相對于西方醫(yī)學(xué)有著獨特的療法和功效。隨著世界經(jīng)濟一體化,中國加入世界貿(mào)易組織以后越來越多的中藥走出中國走向世界,越來越多的“漢方”被世界認可,這其中就產(chǎn)生了巨大的利益關(guān)系,國內(nèi)外的中藥專利侵權(quán)案件頻頻發(fā)生,而其受害方往往是我國的藥企。為了保護我國特有的中藥以及我國傳統(tǒng)中藥企業(yè)的利益,必須運用法律的手段來保護中藥的知識產(chǎn)權(quán),而在眾多知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護的方法里專利保護是最行之有效的。但是由于我國知識產(chǎn)權(quán)法公布實施較晚,知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護體系建立不夠完善,效仿英美法律體系設(shè)定的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)相關(guān)保護法對中藥的保護由于缺乏針對性,保護力度往往比較薄弱。因此,本研究通過對現(xiàn)行的藥品專利保護典型案例進行分析,結(jié)合分析結(jié)果對中藥專利保護相關(guān)法律認知情況進行調(diào)查,研究其存在的不合理因素和缺陷方面,并提出相應(yīng)的對策及改進意見。方法:本文在研究過程中運用了文獻調(diào)查法、案例分析法、問卷調(diào)查法和專家訪談法等方法。首先對中華人民共和國國家知識產(chǎn)權(quán)局網(wǎng)中提取的18個醫(yī)藥專利保護案例進行分析,根據(jù)案例分析、文獻調(diào)查結(jié)果設(shè)計了《社會大眾關(guān)于中藥專利保護認知調(diào)查問卷》和《專家關(guān)于中藥專利保護認知調(diào)查問卷》兩種問卷對大眾群體和從事醫(yī)療、法律和中藥制備銷售領(lǐng)域的專家進行問卷調(diào)查。采用方便抽樣的方法,選取某區(qū)大眾人群作為調(diào)查對象,經(jīng)過對職業(yè)、職稱、專業(yè)背景的考察后在全市選取33名相關(guān)專家(其中選取主要處理知識產(chǎn)權(quán)糾紛的律師,有過相關(guān)專利申請經(jīng)驗的醫(yī)務(wù)工作者以及主要從事知識產(chǎn)權(quán)研究的高校教師)作為調(diào)查對象,數(shù)據(jù)錄入采用Excel2007和Epidata13,數(shù)據(jù)錄入后采用SPSS22進行數(shù)據(jù)分析。制作專家訪談提綱,結(jié)合案例分析的結(jié)果、問卷調(diào)查的結(jié)果和訪談?wù){(diào)查結(jié)果進行分析和討論。結(jié)果:1.通過案例分析得知,由于我國現(xiàn)行法律法規(guī)對中藥專利保護方面的規(guī)定不細致、不詳盡,導(dǎo)致地方法院在裁定中藥專利侵權(quán)案件時常常陷入主觀臆斷的情境。由于專利穩(wěn)定性弱;侵權(quán)取證難度大;法官或代理人不熟悉其領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)等原因?qū)е略婧茈y通過訴訟來維護自己的權(quán)益。2.大眾對中藥專利保護的認知程度方面,在接受調(diào)查的660人中有363人僅聽說但并不了解過中藥專利保護,占總?cè)藬?shù)55%;有245人完全沒有聽說過中藥專利保護,占總?cè)藬?shù)37%;真正了解中藥專利保護的人僅有52人,僅占總?cè)藬?shù)8%。進而延伸到中藥專利侵權(quán)事件的認知程度,有413人完全沒聽說過有關(guān)中藥專利侵權(quán)的案件發(fā)生,占總?cè)藬?shù)62.6%。由此調(diào)查結(jié)果可知,在社會中,普通民眾對中藥專利保護相關(guān)的法律常識,中藥侵權(quán)相關(guān)事件的認知存在不足。3.對于普通民眾獲得中藥專利保護相關(guān)信息的渠道的調(diào)查結(jié)果來看,有276人是通過廣播報紙電視等公共媒體獲知,占總?cè)藬?shù)的66.5%;有27人是通過其他宣傳活動(包括社區(qū)海報、新媒體、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)宣傳等)了解,僅占總?cè)藬?shù)的6.5%。由此可知,在普通民眾接觸到中藥專利保護相關(guān)的信息渠道很少,大多數(shù)人都是通過傳統(tǒng)媒體不經(jīng)意獲取,在日常生活中存在感很低,為了能加強普通民眾對中藥的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護,專利保護的思維框架,應(yīng)該增加現(xiàn)代社會中最流行的媒體宣傳,利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+的理念打造新的普法形式,諸如自媒體宣傳,微信公眾號宣傳等更有效的方式。4.結(jié)合大眾和專家對中藥專利保護力度的調(diào)查結(jié)果來看,普通民眾認為現(xiàn)有的專利保護法對中藥的保護力度一般和不好以及說不清楚的分別有260人和198人,148人,占總?cè)藬?shù)的39.4%和30%,22.4%,專家則有15人和14人覺得保護力度一般和不好,占總?cè)藬?shù)的45.5%和42.4%。由此可見不論是普通大眾還是專家大都覺得我國傳統(tǒng)中藥并沒有得到相應(yīng)強度的專利保護,這一定程度上說明了,我國現(xiàn)有法律對我國傳統(tǒng)中藥的保護力度比較薄弱。5.在調(diào)查專家對我國中藥專利保護存在的問題中可以發(fā)現(xiàn),有24位專家認為我國現(xiàn)有的專利保護法律不適應(yīng)我國特有國情,占總?cè)藬?shù)的72%;有20位專家認為我國現(xiàn)在缺乏中藥專利保護相關(guān)的專業(yè)人才,占總?cè)藬?shù)60.6%;有18位專家認為,國民對中藥專利保護相關(guān)知識和體系了解匱乏,占總?cè)藬?shù)54.5%。有17位專家認為西藥現(xiàn)在占據(jù)著醫(yī)療的主體地位,占總?cè)藬?shù)的51.5%。由此可見,以上四點是被調(diào)查專家所提出的現(xiàn)階段,中國中藥專利保護存在的主要不足問題。6.通過對普通民眾和專家群體的問卷調(diào)查以及專家訪談,調(diào)查結(jié)果可知,目前民眾對我國的中藥專利保護相關(guān)信息了解的非常不足,獲取信息渠道過于單一。大眾和專家對我國的中藥專利保護力度普遍不甚滿意。我國的中藥專利相關(guān)法律不完善,專業(yè)從業(yè)人員缺乏等問題突出。結(jié)論:1.當(dāng)前我國的中藥專利侵權(quán)案件司法程序中存在很多問題,亟待改善。2.對中藥專利保護相關(guān)法律的普及不到位,應(yīng)該推出一些更新穎的方法來宣傳。3.我國藥企對中藥專利保護程度不高,且缺乏相關(guān)專業(yè)人才,致使中藥專利保護沒有得到應(yīng)有的重視。4我國現(xiàn)有的專利法對我國特有的中藥保護很不到位,相關(guān)法律法規(guī)也不夠詳細且缺乏操作性,亟待推出一部專門的中藥專利保護法。
[Abstract]:Objective: to Chinese traditional medicine is a treasure of our ancient civilization to settle down, in history has already proved its relative to western medicine therapy and has a unique function. With the integration of the world economy, Chinese after joining the world trade organization more and more traditional Chinese medicine Chinese out to the world, more and more "Chinese" is recognized by the world, the which has great interest at home and abroad, the Chinese patent infringement cases occurred frequently, and the victim is often China's pharmaceutical companies. In order to protect the Chinese characteristic and the interests of enterprises of traditional Chinese medicine, we must use legal means to protect the intellectual property of traditional Chinese medicine, and in many methods of intellectual property rights the protection of patent protection is the most effective. But because of China's intellectual property law promulgated later, intellectual property protection system is not perfect, in imitation of Anglo American The intellectual property protection law system set the protection of Chinese traditional medicine due to the lack of pertinence, protection is often weak. Therefore, this study based on the current drug patent protection analysis of typical cases, combined with the results of traditional Chinese medicine patent protection legal cognition to the investigation of the existence of irrational factors and defects, and put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. Methods: This paper uses the method of literature survey in the process of research, case analysis, questionnaire and expert interviews and other methods. Firstly, extracting the State Intellectual Property Office of People's Republic of China network of 18 pharmaceutical patent protection case analysis, according to the case analysis, literature survey results "the public about the design of patent protection of traditional Chinese medicine Cognition Questionnaire" and "experts on the patent protection of traditional Chinese medicine cognition questionnaire > two. Roll to the public and medical experts engaged in the fields of law and medicine sales, preparation of the questionnaire. By convenient sampling, selecting a district population as the research object, through the occupation, title, visit the professional background of the post selection of 33 experts in the city (including the selection of main disputes over intellectual property lawyer a medical worker, the relevant patent application experience and is mainly engaged in the research of intellectual property rights of University Teachers) as the research object, using Excel2007 and Epidata13 data entry, data entry after the data was analyzed by SPSS22. Making expert interviews, combined with the results of the case analysis, the results of the questionnaire and interview survey results were analyzed and discussed. Results: 1. through the analysis of the case that, due to China's current laws and regulations on the provisions of the patent protection of traditional Chinese medicine is not careful, not detailed, lead to Methods hospital often fall into the subjective impression of the ruling Chinese patent infringement cases of the situation. As a result of the patent infringement stability weak; evidence is difficult; the judge or agent not familiar with its expertise and other causes of the plaintiff is difficult through action to safeguard their rights and interests.2. public awareness of Chinese Medicine patent protection, in 660 people the survey of 363 people have only heard of but do not understand the patent protection of traditional Chinese medicine, the total number of 55%; 245 people has not heard of the patent protection of traditional Chinese medicine, the total number of 37%; real understanding of patent protection of traditional Chinese medicine has only 52 people, accounting for only the total number of 8%. and then extended to the cognition of Chinese medicine patent infringement. There are 413 people did not listen to the case about the Chinese patent infringement occurred, the total number of 62.6%. the survey results, in the society, the ordinary people of Chinese patent protection law knowledge, Event related Chinese medicine infringement cognitive deficiencies.3. for ordinary people to get the results of the survey of Chinese medicine patent protection related information channels, there are 276 people through public media broadcasting, newspapers and television that the total number of 66.5%; 27 people through other promotional activities (including community posters, new media, Internet publicity etc.) understand, only the total number of 6.5%. thus come into contact with the ordinary people in the traditional Chinese medicine patent protection related information channels rarely, most of them are obtained by traditional media inadvertently, in daily life are very low, in order to strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights of Chinese ordinary people, the thinking frame of patent protection should be. The increase is most popular in modern society, the media, the use of Internet plus the idea of creating a new legal form, such as publicity from the media, the public, WeChat promotion more effective way of.4 . combined with the public and expert survey results of patent protection of traditional Chinese medicine, ordinary people think of patent protection law for the protection of the existing of Chinese medicine in general and not good, that is not clear and there were 260 people and 198 people, 148 people, accounting for 39.4% of the total number of 30%, 22.4%, 15 people and experts 14 people think that protection is generally not good, accounting for 45.5% of the total number of 42.4%. and thus whether the general public or most experts think of traditional Chinese medicine, and did not get patent protection strength corresponding to a certain extent, this shows that China's existing laws on the protection of traditional Chinese medicine is relatively weak in the.5. survey of experts the existence of patent protection of Chinese traditional medicine problems can be found, 24 experts think the patent protection law of our country existing not adapt to our country's specific conditions, the total number of 72%; 20 experts believe that China is now missing The lack of patent protection of traditional Chinese medicine related professionals, accounting for 60.6% of the total; 18 experts think, related to the national traditional Chinese medicine patent protection system of knowledge and lack of knowledge, the total number of 54.5%. 17 experts think western medicine now occupies the medical subject status, the total number of 51.5%. in the above four points is a stage the investigation made by experts,.6. the main problems existing China Chinese medicine patent protection through questionnaire survey and expert interview to the general public and expert groups, survey results, the current population of our traditional Chinese medicine patent protection related information are insufficient, access to information channels over a single. The public and experts in China Chinese patent protection is generally not satisfactory. Chinese patent related law in our country is not perfect, the lack of professional practitioners and other problems. Conclusion: 1. current China's patent medicine There are many problems in judicial proceedings in tort cases, the urgent need to improve the popularity of.2. related to traditional Chinese medicine patent protection law is not in place, should introduce some more innovative ways to promote Chinese medicine patent protection degree is not high on the.3. of China's pharmaceutical companies, and the lack of relevant professionals, resulting in the patent protection of traditional Chinese medicine has not been given due attention in our country's existing.4 the patent law is not in place for the protection of traditional Chinese medicine of China, relevant laws and regulations are not detailed enough and the lack of interoperability, which launched a special patent protection of Chinese law.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D923.42

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