本文關(guān)鍵詞： 精神損害賠償 適用范圍 民法典　出處：《河南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：縱觀我國(guó)精神損害賠償適用范圍的立法與司法實(shí)踐現(xiàn)狀,可以看出現(xiàn)如今我國(guó)精神損害賠償適用范圍存在著如下問(wèn)題:精神損害賠償請(qǐng)求權(quán)的求償主體和適用客體方面不明確,能夠引起精神損害賠償?shù)男袨榉绞椒秶^(guò)于狹窄。這些問(wèn)題共同造成了司法實(shí)踐中精神損害賠償處理的混亂、法院判決時(shí)適用法律的困難和對(duì)被害人精神利益保護(hù)的不利。造成這些問(wèn)題的原因既有理論上對(duì)精神損害賠償合理性認(rèn)識(shí)的不足、對(duì)“精神損害”“非財(cái)產(chǎn)損害”等基礎(chǔ)概念的區(qū)分不清,又有諸如侵權(quán)違約責(zé)任競(jìng)合、特定財(cái)物受損時(shí)精神利益如何保護(hù)等立法上條文的沖突與空白。民法上的精神損害,是可以用金錢(qián)賠償作為救濟(jì)方式的狹義的精神損害,包括受害人精神痛苦、疼痛或其他嚴(yán)重精神反常情況。因?yàn)榫駬p害具有抽象性與認(rèn)定的困難性,我們?cè)诿鞔_其適用范圍時(shí)必須堅(jiān)持法定原則。依據(jù)我國(guó)現(xiàn)有精神損害賠償?shù)囊?guī)定,通過(guò)運(yùn)用邏輯解釋、比較解釋、立法者的目的解釋等法律解釋方法,可以得出我國(guó)精神損害賠償?shù)那髢斨黧w包括植物人、出生時(shí)是活體的胎兒等自然人,不包括法人與其他組織等法律上的擬制“人”,此外死者利益受侵害時(shí)可請(qǐng)求精神損害賠償?shù)闹黧w實(shí)則為其近親屬,而非死者本人。為更好的保護(hù)被害人的精神利益,精神損害賠償?shù)目腕w范圍應(yīng)包括純粹精神利益與特定財(cái)物。在違約行為與犯罪行為造成被害人精神損害的情況下,應(yīng)賦予被害人請(qǐng)求精神損害賠償?shù)臋?quán)利。隨著我國(guó)民法典的編纂被十八屆四中全會(huì)提上日程,筆者在對(duì)比分析各版民法典草案建議稿精神損害賠償部分的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)未來(lái)民法典中精神損害賠償?shù)臈l款進(jìn)行了一些探索。包括在債權(quán)總則編中對(duì)精神損害賠償做出總括性的規(guī)定,以解決侵權(quán)違約責(zé)任競(jìng)合時(shí)的精神損害賠償適用問(wèn)題;在侵權(quán)責(zé)任編中明確侵權(quán)行為侵犯人身權(quán)益(包括純粹精神利益)或特定財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)益時(shí)均應(yīng)承擔(dān)精神損害賠償責(zé)任等。
[Abstract]:The status quo of legislation and judicial practice in the scope of compensation for mental damage in our country, we can see that now our spiritual damage compensation scope exists the following problems: the main spiritual damage compensation claim and the applicable object is not clear, the scope of compensation for mental damage can cause behavior is too narrow. These problems have resulted in confusion compensation for mental damages in judicial practice, the court of law application and to protect the interests of victims of mental difficulties disadvantage. The reasons for these problems both theoretically reasonable understanding of mental damage compensation is insufficient, for "moral damage" and "non property damage" and other basic concepts of the distinction is not clear, and the like tort liability for breach of competition, conflict and blank specific property damage when the spirit of legislation on how to protect the interests of the provisions of mental injury in the civil law, Can the spirit damage narrow relief way with money as compensation, including the mental pain, pain or other serious mental abnormalities. Because the mental injury is the difficulty of abstraction and identification, we must adhere to the principle of legality in clear its scope. Based on our existing regulations of compensation for mental damage, through the use of logic interpretation, comparative interpretation, legislative interpretation of the method of objective interpretation, the law can draw the claim subject of compensation for mental damage in our country include vegetables, is living fetus and other natural born, not including the legal person and other organizations such as legal fiction of "people", in addition to the main interests infringed may request the mental damage compensation actually for their close relatives, rather than the dead. I was the victim of spiritual interests better, the scope of the object of compensation for mental damage should include pure essence God with a specific property. In the interest of breach of contract and criminal behavior caused the victim's spiritual damage, the victim should have the right to request compensation for mental damage. With the compilation of the civil code of our country by the fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee on the agenda, the basis of the contrastive analysis of each version of the draft civil code draft of compensation for spiritual damages on the part of the exploration of the future civil code in the mental damage compensation clauses included in the general provisions of creditor's rights. Make summary of the provisions of the mental damage compensation, in order to solve the spirit of tort liability for breach of contract when competing compensation applicable; in the tort liability in clear infringement of personal rights (including pure spiritual interests) shall bear the compensation for mental damage liability or the specific property rights.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D923

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本文編號(hào)：1455022