本文關(guān)鍵詞：近代民事立法、習(xí)慣與司法中的相鄰關(guān)系　出處：《中央民族大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 相鄰關(guān)系 相鄰權(quán) 民事習(xí)慣 近代民法 訴訟檔案

【摘要】：相鄰關(guān)系是民法物權(quán)中所有權(quán)部分的重要內(nèi)容,源于羅馬法,與地役權(quán)同源。隨著2007年我國《物權(quán)法》的頒布,相鄰關(guān)系開始被學(xué)界重視,對(duì)于相鄰關(guān)系的研究逐漸增多。但是在研究相鄰關(guān)系時(shí),學(xué)者多從羅馬法、外國法的視角進(jìn)行比較,反而忽視了對(duì)近代民事法律中相鄰關(guān)系條文的梳理,以及中國傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)中相鄰關(guān)系實(shí)踐的悠久歷史。這種將視線局限于外國法的研究并不利于我們傳承優(yōu)秀的傳統(tǒng)文化,也不利于我們開創(chuàng)具有中國特色的法學(xué)體系。因此,研究近代相鄰關(guān)系的立法、民事習(xí)慣與司法實(shí)踐具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文由緒論以及正文的五章組成。緒論主要表明寫作目的、研究現(xiàn)狀及方法,當(dāng)前民法領(lǐng)域?qū)ο噜応P(guān)系的研究很多,但是針對(duì)近代相鄰關(guān)系的研究并不多,存在空白,本文從民法和法律史的角度切入,主要依據(jù)史料檔案和相關(guān)著作開展研究。第一章主要論述近代相鄰關(guān)系的歷史及理論,回顧了我國近代以前的相鄰關(guān)系實(shí)踐,分析了民法近代化的經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、司法動(dòng)因,并總結(jié)了民法近代化對(duì)相鄰關(guān)系產(chǎn)生的國際化與本土化影響。第二章主要論述民事法律中的相鄰關(guān)系,梳理了近代《大清民律草案》《民國民律草案》《中華民國民法典》的制定過程,以及作為民法過渡的"現(xiàn)行律民事有效部分"頒布過程,并對(duì)其中相鄰關(guān)系的法律內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了分類整理,發(fā)現(xiàn)《大清民律草案》與《民國民律草案》的立法技術(shù)較為接近,《中華民國民法典》則有較大的提升。第三章主要論述民事習(xí)慣中的相鄰關(guān)系,依據(jù)歷次習(xí)慣調(diào)查的結(jié)果,將相鄰關(guān)系習(xí)慣總結(jié)為鄰地?fù)p害防免習(xí)慣、鄰地利用習(xí)慣、用水及排水習(xí)慣這三部分。與2007年我國《物權(quán)法》相比,近代幾部民事法律中習(xí)慣的法源地位較高,反映了立法者本土化的嘗試以及對(duì)當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的適應(yīng)。第四章主要論述司法實(shí)踐中的相鄰關(guān)系,通過對(duì)比法條、習(xí)慣與司法檔案,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)在司法實(shí)踐中審判者以事實(shí)為基礎(chǔ),同時(shí)采用以情理為內(nèi)容的方式來說服當(dāng)事人,在判決結(jié)果上則呈現(xiàn)出調(diào)解與判決互動(dòng)、威嚇和縱容共存的現(xiàn)象。第五章主要闡述在研究近代相鄰關(guān)系立法、習(xí)慣與司法實(shí)踐時(shí)產(chǎn)生的思考,提出在立法缺位的情況下,司法運(yùn)行要接納習(xí)慣的參與,近代民法與習(xí)慣之中蘊(yùn)含著大量的本土法學(xué)資源,近代民法的法律發(fā)展及司法實(shí)踐呈現(xiàn)漸進(jìn)的特征,要運(yùn)用情理促進(jìn)多元化糾紛解決機(jī)制的構(gòu)建。
[Abstract]:The adjacent relation is an important part of the ownership in the real right of the civil law, originated from Roman law and homologous with the easement. With the promulgation of the property Law in 2007, the adjacent relationship has been attached great importance to by the academic circles. But in the study of the adjacent relations, scholars compared the Roman law and foreign law, but ignored the combing of the adjacent relation provisions in the modern civil law. As well as the long history of the practice of the neighboring relationship in the traditional Chinese society. This kind of study which is limited to the foreign law is not conducive to our inheritance of excellent traditional culture. It is also unfavorable for us to create a legal system with Chinese characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to study the legislation of the relationship between neighbors in modern times. Civil custom and judicial practice are of practical significance. This paper is composed of the introduction and five chapters of the text. The introduction mainly shows the writing purpose, research status and methods. However, there is not much research on the relationship between neighbors in modern times, there is a blank, this article from the perspective of civil law and legal history. The first chapter mainly discusses the history and theory of the neighboring relations in modern times, reviews the practice of the neighboring relations before the modern times in China, and analyzes the economic and political aspects of the modernization of civil law. Judicial motivation, and summarized the internationalization and localization of civil law modernization on the impact of neighboring relations. The second chapter mainly discusses the adjacent relations in civil law. This paper combs the formulation process of the Civil Code of the Republic of China, the draft of the Civil Law of the Republic of China, and the promulgation process of the Civil effective part of the Civil Law in the transition of the Civil Law. The legal contents of the neighboring relations are classified and sorted out, and it is found that the legislative techniques of the draft of the people's Law of the Qing Dynasty and the draft of the people's Law of the Republic of China are close to each other. The Civil Code of the Republic of China has a great promotion. The third chapter mainly discusses the neighboring relations in the civil customs, according to the results of previous customary surveys, the habits of neighboring relations are summarized as the habits of neighboring damage prevention and exemption. Compared with our country's property Law in 2007, the status of customary law in modern civil law is higher than that of neighboring land use habit, water use and drainage habit. It reflects the attempt of legislator localization and adaptation to the social reality at that time. Chapter 4th mainly discusses the adjacent relations in judicial practice, through the comparison of laws, habits and judicial archives. It can be found that in judicial practice, the adjudicators are based on facts and at the same time use the method of reason as the content to persuade the parties, and on the result of judgment, there is an interaction between mediation and judgment. Chapter 5th mainly expounds the thinking in the study of legislation, habits and judicial practice of modern neighboring relations, and points out that in the absence of legislation, the judicial operation should accept the participation of habit. Modern civil law and habits contain a large number of local legal resources. The legal development and judicial practice of modern civil law show gradual characteristics. It is necessary to use reason to promote the construction of pluralistic dispute resolution mechanism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D923

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本文編號(hào)：1419961