【摘要】：改革開發(fā)以來,我國的經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展,但同時也伴隨著嚴(yán)重的職業(yè)衛(wèi)生問題。目前我國的職業(yè)病問題存在多、廣、新的特點(diǎn),即“職業(yè)病問題多”,諸如職業(yè)病發(fā)病率居高不下、職業(yè)病防治檢測、監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)不健全、中小企業(yè)職業(yè)病防治薄弱、職業(yè)病防治投入不足、職業(yè)衛(wèi)生資源整體效率低、職業(yè)病防治監(jiān)管體系混亂、職業(yè)衛(wèi)生執(zhí)法力度不強(qiáng)等;“職業(yè)病問題廣”,不僅存在于各行各業(yè),而且涉及地域范圍廣;“職業(yè)病問題新”,高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)中的噪聲、微波、電磁、新材料應(yīng)用引起的新型職業(yè)病問題,基于職場壓力的心理衛(wèi)生問題。職業(yè)病問題形勢嚴(yán)峻的一個很重要的的原因是我國現(xiàn)階段職業(yè)衛(wèi)生立法存在問題,雖然我國出臺了《職業(yè)病防治法》及相應(yīng)的實(shí)施條例、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)辦法等,對 職業(yè)病的防治起到了一定的積極作用,但職業(yè)病問題在實(shí)踐中并未得到有效的解決,存在諸如職業(yè)病診斷難、受理難、維權(quán)難的問題,職業(yè)衛(wèi)生法規(guī)內(nèi)容重復(fù)交叉甚至矛盾,管理監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)混亂,對社會弱勢群體的職業(yè)衛(wèi)生安全權(quán)利保護(hù)不足,法律責(zé)任規(guī)定存在缺陷,職業(yè)衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督經(jīng)費(fèi)沒有保障等。 借鑒域外如美國、日本、歐盟的職業(yè)衛(wèi)生立法經(jīng)驗(yàn),并從中得到啟示,如整合、統(tǒng)一職業(yè)衛(wèi)生立法,加大對違法行為的懲罰力度,建立、健全職業(yè)衛(wèi)生管理機(jī)構(gòu),明確、強(qiáng)化勞動者職業(yè)衛(wèi)生權(quán)利義務(wù)。結(jié)合我國職業(yè)衛(wèi)生的立法實(shí)踐,提出完善我國職業(yè)衛(wèi)生立法的一些建議:修訂完善《職業(yè)病防治法》如擴(kuò)大職業(yè)病目錄,簡化申請職業(yè)病鑒定的準(zhǔn)入條件,職業(yè)病診斷申請上實(shí)行“舉證責(zé)任倒置”,進(jìn)一步發(fā)揮工會組織作用,規(guī)定工會組織依法對職業(yè)病防治工作進(jìn)行監(jiān)督,維護(hù)勞動者的合法權(quán)益,明確承擔(dān)職業(yè)病診斷的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)的條件,進(jìn)一步明確法律責(zé)任,加大處罰力度;調(diào)整、重建管理體制及監(jiān)察體制;建立“政府、用人單位、職工(工會)三方協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制”;完善職業(yè)安全衛(wèi)生法律救濟(jì)途徑;及時出臺或修訂與《職業(yè)病防治法》相配套的法規(guī)、規(guī)章和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and development, China's economy has developed rapidly, but also accompanied by serious occupational health problems. At present, there are many, wide and new characteristics of occupational diseases in our country, such as the high incidence of occupational diseases, the detection of occupational diseases, the unsound monitoring system, the weak prevention and treatment of occupational diseases in small and medium-sized enterprises. The occupational disease prevention and control investment is insufficient, the overall efficiency of occupational health resources is low, the occupational disease prevention and control supervision system is chaotic, the occupational health law enforcement strength is not strong, "occupational disease problem is extensive", not only exists in various industries, but also involves a wide range of regions; "New occupational disease problem", new occupational disease problem caused by noise, microwave, electromagnetic and new material application in high-tech industry, mental health problem based on workplace stress. An important reason for the serious occupational disease situation is that there are problems in our occupational health legislation at the present stage, although our country has promulgated the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law and the corresponding implementing regulations, standard measures, etc. It has played a positive role in the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases, but the problem of occupational diseases has not been effectively solved in practice. The contents of occupational health laws and regulations are overlapping and even contradictory, the management and supervision agencies are confused, the occupational health and safety rights of the social vulnerable groups are not protected enough, the legal liability provisions are defective, and the funds for occupational health supervision are not guaranteed. To draw lessons from the experience of occupational health legislation in foreign countries such as America, Japan and European Union, and to draw inspiration from it, such as integrating, unifying occupational health legislation, increasing punishment for illegal acts, establishing and perfecting occupational health management institutions, and making it clear that, To strengthen the rights and obligations of workers' occupational health. Combined with the legislative practice of occupational health in China, some suggestions for perfecting occupational health legislation in China are put forward: revising and perfecting the Occupational Disease Prevention and treatment Law, such as expanding the catalogue of occupational diseases, simplifying the entry conditions for applying for occupational disease identification, In the application for occupational disease diagnosis, the burden of proof is reversed, the role of trade union organization is further brought into play, and it is stipulated that trade union organizations shall supervise the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases according to law, and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of workers, Make clear the conditions of medical and health institutions that undertake occupational disease diagnosis, further clarify legal responsibility, increase punishment, adjust and rebuild management system and supervision system, establish "tripartite coordination mechanism among government, employing units and workers (trade unions)"; Improve the ways of legal relief for occupational safety and health, and timely issue or revise the regulations, regulations and standards that are in line with the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國社會科學(xué)院研究生院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D922.54

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 朱寶鐸,張勇;關(guān)于我國職業(yè)衛(wèi)生立法的一些思考[J];工業(yè)衛(wèi)生與職業(yè)病;2000年01期

2 張劍虹;楚風(fēng)華;;國外職業(yè)安全衛(wèi)生法的發(fā)展及對當(dāng)代中國的啟示[J];河北法學(xué);2007年02期

3 陳蓉;何嶺;劉曉冬;;196名塵肺患者心理健康狀況調(diào)查分析[J];醫(yī)藥論壇雜志;2006年12期

4 邊安;;職業(yè)衛(wèi)生監(jiān)管與職業(yè)危害預(yù)防知識講座(2) 我國職業(yè)衛(wèi)生與職業(yè)病防治法律體系[J];勞動保護(hù);2009年02期

5 毛艾琳;;從三部重大勞工立法看英國勞工保護(hù)的發(fā)展[J];蘭州學(xué)刊;2010年08期

6 張蓓蕾;王祖兵;韓毓珍;顧明華;;上海市外來務(wù)工人員職業(yè)健康監(jiān)護(hù)和職業(yè)病發(fā)病分析[J];中國工業(yè)醫(yī)學(xué)雜志;2007年02期

7 胡連鑫;陳燕燕;;我國流動人口的公共衛(wèi)生現(xiàn)狀[J];現(xiàn)代預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué);2007年01期

8 鄒立海;;建設(shè)項(xiàng)目職業(yè)病危害預(yù)評價(jià)常見問題分析[J];中國職業(yè)醫(yī)學(xué);2007年04期

9 任國友;;中美職業(yè)安全健康法對比[J];中國安全科學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2009年07期

10 黃樂平;毛素梅;;《職業(yè)病防治法》變革之道(上)[J];現(xiàn)代職業(yè)安全;2010年03期

，

本文編號：2231860