【摘要】：人類是理性的動物,人類的一切活動都是有目的的活動。法學學科劃分作為人類活動之一,也是如此。受傳統(tǒng)劃分理論的影響,對法學各學科的研究目的是什么,其實還是相當貧乏的。法律是為了人類生活得更加美好而制定的,法學則間接地以此為目的。整個法律體系總是為保護全體國民的利益為目的,而具體法律部門則以保護某一部分人民的利益為目的,或人民扮演的某一社會角色的利益為目的。如：行政法以保護行政相對人這一部分人民的利益為目的,勞動法以保護人民的勞動者角色的利益為目的,經(jīng)濟法則以保護人民的消費者角色的利益為目的。每一個國民、國民的每一個社會角色的利益都有相應的法律部門保護,從而構筑起國家(社會)大機器有序、公平、高效運行的制度基礎。 中國經(jīng)濟法學的體系既要廓清經(jīng)濟法學與其它部門法學界限,又要廓清經(jīng)濟法與法學外其它學科的界限,如經(jīng)濟學、金融學、會計學和政策等�！绑w系”詞本身包含內部結構的。以法律目的為劃分標準,經(jīng)濟法保護消費者利益的途徑有四：第一、明確市場主體資格、規(guī)范權義結構；第二、維護市場經(jīng)濟秩序；第三、發(fā)展經(jīng)濟,使經(jīng)濟更加穩(wěn)定、快速地發(fā)展；第四、市場經(jīng)濟運行監(jiān)管。 市場經(jīng)濟參與主體主要由消費者、管理者(政府、社會中間層)和經(jīng)營者,其中,消費者處于核心地位。消費者的權利的種類、內容決定了政府的職責,為使國家履行職責而賦予其職權。明確經(jīng)營者的主體資格、規(guī)范經(jīng)營者的權義結構的關鍵在于做好經(jīng)營者的類型化和產(chǎn)品責任、社會責任設置。社會中間層在市場經(jīng)濟管理中的眾多方面優(yōu)越于政府,它代表著管理者未來的發(fā)展方向。這樣,就構成了經(jīng)濟法主體制度的“四元”結構：消費者、政府、社會中間層和經(jīng)營者。 市場秩序紊亂,首先遭到損害或者說主要遭到損害的是消費者,這是由消費者脆弱的購買力決定的。因此,維護市場秩序也就是國家在保護消費者的方式中首先要做的。維護市場經(jīng)濟秩序主要使用規(guī)制的手段,即以規(guī)制的手段矯正失序的市場。市場規(guī)制法律制度主要包括：消費者保護法、競爭法律制度、產(chǎn)品質量法律制度、價格法律制度、廣告法律制度。 公平地發(fā)展經(jīng)濟是維護消費者利益最基本、最保險的方式。從經(jīng)濟學的角度來看,經(jīng)濟發(fā)展對消費者和經(jīng)營者都有利,但是,事實并非如此。經(jīng)濟凋敝也許會使經(jīng)營者的貨幣(這個價值的符號)減少,但是,他們的切身利益并不減損。公平而更加穩(wěn)定、快速地發(fā)展經(jīng)濟主要使用宏觀調控的手段,宏觀經(jīng)濟調控法律制度也主要以公平而更加穩(wěn)定、快速地發(fā)展經(jīng)濟為目的。宏觀調控法律制度主要包括：計劃法律制度、產(chǎn)業(yè)法律制度、財政法律制度、稅收在法律制度、金融調控法律制度、對外貿易法律制度。 政府和社會中間層也會失靈,所以,必須有一套完整的事前市場秩序監(jiān)督機制和事后宏觀調控監(jiān)督、反饋機制,這兩套機制往往是相互融合不可分離的。把這些法律制度稱作經(jīng)濟監(jiān)管法律制度。目前包括：金融市場監(jiān)管法律制度、會計與審計法律制度。 以上全方位、多環(huán)節(jié)的體系結構設計,以期消費者權益得到切實無虞的保護。這種體系結構設計確立了消費者的核心地位,它呼應了黨的“三個代表”重要思想和以“以人為本”理念的時代要求,它履行了人民當家做主的有中國特色的社會主義制度的本質要求。
[Abstract]:Human beings are rational animals, and all human activities are purposeful activities. The division of jurisprudence is one of human activities, so is the division of jurisprudence. Influenced by the traditional division theory, the purpose of the study of various disciplines of jurisprudence is actually quite poor. Law is formulated for the sake of a better human life, and the law is indirect. The whole legal system is always for the purpose of protecting the interests of all citizens, while the specific legal departments are for the purpose of protecting the interests of a certain part of the people, or the interests of a certain social role played by the people. To protect the interests of the people's laborers, economic laws aim to protect the interests of the people's consumer role. Every citizen and every social role of the people has the corresponding protection of legal departments, thus building a state (society) large machine orderly, fair, efficient operation of the institutional basis.
The system of China's economic jurisprudence should not only clarify the boundaries between economic jurisprudence and other branches of law, but also between economic law and other disciplines other than law, such as economics, finance, accounting and policy. Firstly, we should clarify the qualifications of market subjects and standardize the structure of rights and interests; secondly, we should maintain the order of market economy; thirdly, we should develop the economy to make it more stable and rapid; fourthly, we should supervise the operation of market economy.
The main body of market economy participation is mainly consumers, managers (government, social middle-level) and operators, among which consumers are in the core position. The types and contents of consumers'rights determine the responsibilities of the government and give them the powers to enable the state to perform its duties. The social middle class is superior to the government in many aspects of market economy management, which represents the future development direction of the managers. Thus, it constitutes the "four-element" structure of the main body system of economic law: consumers, government, social middle class and operators.
The disorder of market order is first damaged or mainly damaged by consumers, which is determined by the fragile purchasing power of consumers. Therefore, the maintenance of market order is the first thing that the state should do in the way of protecting consumers. The legal system of market regulation mainly includes consumer protection law, competition law system, product quality law system, price law system and advertisement law system.
Fair economic development is the most basic and safe way to safeguard the interests of consumers. From an economic point of view, economic development is beneficial to both consumers and operators, but this is not the case. Economic depression may reduce the money of operators (the symbol of this value), but their vital interests are not diminished. Fairness is even more important. The legal system of macro-economic control mainly includes: planning legal system, industrial legal system, financial legal system, taxation legal system, financial regulation legal system. Legal system of foreign trade.
The government and the social middle-level will also fail, so there must be a complete set of pre-market order supervision mechanism and post-market macro-control supervision, feedback mechanism, the two sets of mechanisms are often inseparable from each other. These legal systems are called economic supervision legal system. Audit legal system.
The above-mentioned all-round, multi-link system structure design, in order to achieve the practical protection of consumer rights and interests. This system structure design establishes the core position of consumers, it echoes the important thought of the Party's "Three Represents" and the "people-oriented" concept of the times, it fulfills the people as the masters of the Chinese characteristics. The essential requirement of the socialist system.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D922.29

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