【摘要】：無效勞動合同因嚴(yán)重欠缺有效要件,法律不賦予其效力,不發(fā)生當(dāng)事人預(yù)期的法律后果。勞動關(guān)系有著不同于民事關(guān)系的顯著特性,勞動法在很大程度上不同于民事法律,勞動合同同樣不同于民事合同�；趧趧雍贤瑥膶傩�、繼續(xù)性、不完全性和公權(quán)力介入性的特點,尤其是勞動者已經(jīng)付出的勞動具有不可返還性以及就業(yè)對于勞動者生存和發(fā)展的重要意義,我們在研究無效勞動合同時,不能簡單地套用民事法律制度,而應(yīng)當(dāng)將民事法律精神、民事合同原理與勞動關(guān)系、勞動合同的特殊性以及無效勞動合同的特殊性相結(jié)合。 更具針對性的制度設(shè)計,在實施過程中方能具有更強的操作性,也能在協(xié)調(diào)勞動關(guān)系和利益分配上實現(xiàn)立法的初衷。在無效勞動合同制度的設(shè)計上,不僅應(yīng)當(dāng)充分吸收民事合同無效理論,更應(yīng)當(dāng)認真結(jié)合勞動合同自身的特質(zhì)；不僅要承認無效勞動合同的客觀存在,更要認識到現(xiàn)行無效勞動合同制度存在的問題,如“二元認定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”的不足、現(xiàn)行規(guī)定的內(nèi)在矛盾、確認機構(gòu)的被動性、“仲裁前置”冗長性、勞動行政機關(guān)監(jiān)督檢查權(quán)的局限、過錯方的違法成本過低等。我們建議明確勞動合同無效的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),區(qū)分絕對無效勞動合同和相對無效勞動合同；建立相應(yīng)的可撤銷制度；明確勞動合同解除制度和可撤銷制度可以并存,并賦予勞動行政機關(guān)無效勞動合同的確認權(quán)或撤銷權(quán),優(yōu)化“仲裁前置”為“或裁或訟”；規(guī)范勞動合同的必備條款、提高過錯方的違法成本、細化賠償?shù)臉?biāo)準(zhǔn),使無效勞動合同制度更完善,也更具操作性和針對性,在法律實踐中盡可能減少認定無效勞動合同的范圍,維護勞動關(guān)系的穩(wěn)定。
[Abstract]:The invalid labor contract lacks the valid elements seriously, the law does not endow it with effect and does not have the expected legal consequence. Labor relationship is different from civil relation, labor law is different from civil law to a great extent, and labor contract is also different from civil contract. Based on the characteristics of labor contract subordination, continuity, incompleteness and public power interposition, especially the labor that the laborer has paid has the non-returnability and the important significance of employment for the survival and development of the laborer. When we study the invalid labor contract, we should not simply apply the civil law system, but should combine the civil law spirit, the civil contract principle with the labor relations, the particularity of the labor contract and the particularity of the invalid labor contract. More targeted system design, in the implementation process can have a stronger operability, but also in the coordination of labor relations and distribution of benefits to achieve the original intention of legislation. In the design of invalid labor contract system, not only should the theory of civil contract invalidation be fully absorbed, but also the characteristics of labor contract itself should be seriously combined, and the objective existence of invalid labor contract should not only be acknowledged, It is also necessary to recognize the problems existing in the current system of invalid labor contracts, such as the deficiencies of the "dual recognition standards", the inherent contradictions of the current provisions, the passivity of the confirmation institutions, and the "arbitration preemption" of the protracted nature of the system. The limitation of supervision and inspection right of labor administrative organ and the low illegal cost of fault party. We propose to clarify the criteria for invalidation of labor contracts, to distinguish between absolute and relatively invalid labor contracts, to establish corresponding revocable systems, and to make it clear that the system of rescission and revocability of labor contracts can coexist. It also gives the labor administrative organ the right to confirm or cancel the invalid labor contract, optimizes the "arbitration front" as "either arbitration or litigation", standardizes the necessary terms of the labor contract, raises the illegal cost of the party at fault, and refines the standard of compensation. Make the system of invalid labor contract more perfect, also more operable and pertinence, reduce the scope of confirming invalid labor contract as far as possible in the legal practice, and maintain the stability of labor relations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D922.5

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