本文選題：消費者 + 經(jīng)營者��； 參考：《中國社會科學院研究生院》2002年博士論文

【摘要】： 在任何社會中，一切人均須作為消費主體出現(xiàn)：生存之維系，首先依賴于衣、食、住、行基本要求之滿足。而在一個以社會分工為特征的商品經(jīng)濟社會，消費資料的獲得，須通過商品交換的參與。由此，近代以來，出現(xiàn)消費者與經(jīng)營者兩大社會階層的分界。消費者與經(jīng)營者為相互依存又相互對立的不同營壘，而消費者作為弱勢群體，時常面臨因經(jīng)營者的欺詐、蒙騙、疏忽大意以及惡意行為所造成的巨大風險和損害。尤其在當代工業(yè)社會或者知識經(jīng)濟時代，消費者與經(jīng)營者在同一交易中之信息不對稱，日趨嚴重，而消費者的弱勢地位更為弱勢，經(jīng)營者的霸權(quán)地位更為霸權(quán)，為此，消費者權(quán)益保護運動的興起，便成為當今世界發(fā)達國家乃至發(fā)展中國家的共同法律現(xiàn)象。而消費者保護之法律理論作為一個新興的法學學科，其重要地位便日益突出。 本文將消費者權(quán)利的法律保護作為一個相對獨立的、完整的理論體系來加以研究。消費者保護法律理論的產(chǎn)生沖破了傳統(tǒng)理論有關(guān)公、私法體系的基本劃分，由此引發(fā)學界諸多論爭：有學者將消費者保護法與勞動法、社會保障法同時奉為幾個新興的法律部門，將之歸屬于介乎公法與私法之間的所謂“社會法”，視其為社會法構(gòu)成之部分，大張社會法之拓展；也有學者依據(jù)消費者保護法中國家干預的功能，斷言其性質(zhì)上應屬經(jīng)濟法之一部；還有學者將消費者保護法之出現(xiàn)視為民法之新發(fā)展，認為無須大驚小怪。分析這些爭論，有助于廓清籠罩于消費者保護法之上的迷霧，，認識其本質(zhì)，以為我國消費者保護法理論體系和立法體系的建立和完善，做出實質(zhì)性的貢獻。 本文對于消費者保護法的研究，非為對《中華人民共和國消費者權(quán)益保護法》的詮釋和注解。置于筆者視野之內(nèi)的，是消費者保護之整體性法學理論構(gòu)建和闡述，以及消費者權(quán)利的具體設(shè)定方式和救濟措施。而筆者試圖做到的，不過是在對一個完全處于初創(chuàng)階段的法學理論的新生兒進行全面觀察的基礎(chǔ)上，闡釋其特征，分析其特質(zhì)，指出其成長的方法和路徑。在這一方面，包括美國在內(nèi)的一些發(fā)達國家近半個世紀之消費者保護立法運動的發(fā)展史，無疑必須為筆者所重點借鑒和評說，而我國消費者保護立法和司法的既有經(jīng)驗，則可以為此種借鑒提供重要的實際評價指標。為此，當今中國社會的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及消費者和經(jīng)營者之間的利益沖突和尖銳矛盾，當然會成為筆者分析法律理論問題的基本數(shù)據(jù)和素材。 本文按從總體問題到具體問題的邏輯順序，設(shè)置消費者保護法基礎(chǔ)理論、消費者政策、消費者合同法、消費者安全法等四個主要部分，對消費者保護的有關(guān)法律問題進行了分別論述。 第一章緒論：首先回顧了消費者問題的產(chǎn)生與發(fā)展過程及其社會背景，深入分析了消費者與經(jīng)營者兩大社會階層的成因、相互經(jīng)濟地位及其概念界定；其次對消費者保護立法運動的緣起進行了探究，詳細闡述了美國的消費者保護立法運動的崛起、其他西方發(fā)達國家消費者保護運動的勃興以及國際消費者保護運動的發(fā)展；最后，對中國消費者法律保護的現(xiàn)狀從理論及實踐兩個側(cè)面進行了充分的揭示和分析。 第二章消費者保護法的基礎(chǔ)理論：對消費者保護法的對象、特征、本質(zhì)及其作為獨立 學科的存在價值進行了詳盡的闡述，對消費者保護法的體系從理論上提出了建構(gòu)方案，并 對消費者保護法的性質(zhì)應當定位于民法范圍、或者社會法范圍、或者為公、私法的混合， 提出了筆者自己的見解。 第三章消費者政策：從政府在平衡消費者與經(jīng)營者的社會性沖突中的地位和作用等方 面著手，對消費者政策法的特征、內(nèi)容、政府責任范圍進行了全面的闡述，并對中國消費 者政策法的發(fā)展方向即中國消費者政策法律化的問題提出了建議。 第四章消費者合同法：首先對合同法的基本理念進行了檢討，從契約自由原則在消費 者合同關(guān)系中的死亡與再生談起，講述了古典契約理論的思想基礎(chǔ)、局限性及公平觀念的 重構(gòu)；其次針對各國消費者保護運動對古典契約規(guī)則的沖擊進行了闡述，并在此基礎(chǔ)上明 確闡述了消費者合同中經(jīng)營者的法定義務（誠信、告知、擔保等）、消費者的法定權(quán)利（知 情權(quán)、反悔權(quán)、索賠權(quán)等），對締約過失責任在消費者保護中的運用、格式條款的特殊規(guī)則、 幾種典型消費者合同種類及其特殊規(guī)則的運用等，進行了較為詳盡的論述。同時，針對中 國目前對消費者合同法的立法模式選擇（單獨立法抑或合并立法）問題，提出了立法建議。 第五章消費者安全法；首先對近代以人為本的法律思想極其歷史發(fā)展進行了深入的闡 述，在借鑒各國法律的基礎(chǔ)上，對產(chǎn)品責任法的歷史使命及其在消費者保護領(lǐng)域中的具體 適用提出了特別的見解；其次，對于消費者生命、健康、身體權(quán)利及其他人身權(quán)利保護中 的懲罰性賠償，從經(jīng)濟、道德以及法律操作技術(shù)等各個角度進行了法理分析，對消費者人 格權(quán)保護提出適時的建議；最后，對于消費者安全保護與強制保險制度中的法律問題進行 了探討。 第六章中國消費者保護法的未來走向：首先，評價和分析了現(xiàn)行消費者保護力法體系 存在的弊端，明確提出了未來中國消費者保護法應當采用“基本法模式”的立法模式；其 次，對于新的消費者保?
[Abstract]:In any society, every person must appear as the main body of consumption: the maintenance of survival depends on the basic requirements of clothing, food, and living. In a commodity economy society characterized by social division of labor, the acquisition of consumption data must be involved in the exchange of goods. Thus, the two major societies of consumers and operators have emerged in modern times. Consumers and operators are interdependent and antagonistic barracks, and consumers, as disadvantaged groups, often face huge risks and damage caused by fraud, fraud, negligence, and malicious behavior. Especially in the contemporary industrial society or the era of knowledge economy, consumers and operators are in the same way. The information asymmetry in a transaction is becoming more and more serious, and the disadvantaged position of the consumer is more vulnerable and the hegemonic position of the operator is more hegemonic. Therefore, the rise of the consumer protection movement has become the common legal phenomenon of the developed countries and even the developing countries in the world. The important position of the subject is increasingly prominent.
In this paper, the legal protection of consumer rights is studied as a relatively independent and complete theoretical system. The emergence of the legal theory of consumer protection breaks through the traditional theory and the basic division of the private law system, which leads to a lot of controversy in the academic circles: some scholars have put the consumer protection law with labor law and social security law at the same time. For several new legal departments, they belong to the so-called "social law" between public law and private law, regard it as part of the social law, the expansion of social law, and some scholars according to the function of the Chinese family intervention in the consumer protection law, assert that the nature of the law should belong to one of the economic laws; and some scholars have the consumer protection law. The appearance of it is regarded as the new development of civil law, and it is not necessary to make a fuss. The analysis of these controversies will help to clear the fog over the consumer protection law, understand its essence, and make a substantial contribution to the establishment and improvement of the theoretical and legislative system of the consumer protection law in China.
In this paper, the study of consumer protection law is not the interpretation and annotation of the law for the protection of consumer rights and interests in People's Republic of China. The author's view is to construct and elaborate the holistic legal theory of consumer protection, as well as the specific setting and rescue measures of consumer rights. On the basis of full observation of the newborn law theory, a new law theory is fully observed, and its characteristics are explained, its characteristics are analyzed, and the method and path of its growth are pointed out. In this respect, the development history of the consumer protection law movement in some developed countries, including the United States, must be the key to the author. In this regard, the current situation of the economic development of Chinese society and the conflict of interests and sharp contradictions between the consumers and the operators will certainly become the basic data of the author's analysis of the problems of the legal theory and the basic data of the analysis of the legal theory. Source material.
According to the logical sequence from the general problem to the specific problem, this paper sets up four main parts, such as the basic theory of consumer protection law, consumer policy, consumer contract law, consumer safety law and so on, and discusses the relevant legal issues of consumer protection.
The first chapter is introduction: first, it reviews the production and development process of consumer problems and its social background, analyzes the causes of the two social strata of consumers and operators, and defines the economic status and concept of each other. Secondly, the origin of the consumer protection legislation movement is explored, and the consumer protection in the United States is elaborated in detail. The rise of the law movement, the flourishing of the consumer protection movement in other western developed countries and the development of the international consumer protection movement. Finally, the present situation of the legal protection of Chinese consumers is fully revealed and analyzed from the two aspects of theory and practice.
The second chapter is the basic theory of Consumer Protection Law: the object, characteristics, essence and independence of consumer protection law.
The existence value of the discipline is expounded in detail, and the construction plan of the consumer protection law is put forward theoretically.
The nature of consumer protection law should be defined in the scope of civil law, or within the scope of social law, or for the mixture of public and private laws.
The author's own opinion is put forward.
The third chapter is consumer policy: from the position and role of the government in balancing the social conflicts between consumers and operators.
On the other hand, it makes a comprehensive exposition of the characteristics, contents, and scope of government responsibility of the consumer policy law, and on China's consumption.
The development direction of the policy law is the issue of legalization of China's consumer policy.
The fourth chapter: Consumer Contract Law: first, the basic idea of contract law is reviewed, from the principle of freedom of contract to consumption.
Speaking of death and regeneration in contract relationship, it tells the ideological basis, limitations and fairness of classical contract theory.
Secondly, the impact of the consumer protection movement on classical contract rules is expounded.
The legal obligations of consumers (integrity, notification, guarantee, etc.) in consumers' contracts are expounded, and consumers' legal rights are known.
The right to fault, the right to claim, and the right to claim for breach of contract.
Several typical types of consumer contracts and the application of special rules are discussed in detail.
At present, China has put forward legislative proposals on the choice of legislative mode of consumer contract law (single independent law or merger legislation).
The fifth chapter is consumer safety law. First of all, it gives an in-depth explanation of the modern people-oriented legal thought and its historical development.
On the basis of drawing lessons from various countries' laws, the historical mission of product liability law and its specific aspects in the field of consumer protection are discussed.
The application put forward a special view; secondly, for the protection of consumers' life, health, physical rights and other personal rights.
Punitive damages are analyzed from the angles of economy, morality and legal operation technology.
Finally, the legal issues in consumer protection and compulsory insurance system are discussed.
The discussion.
The sixth chapter is about the future trend of China's consumer protection law. First, the existing consumer protection law system is evaluated and analyzed.
In the future, China's consumer protection law should adopt the legislative mode of "basic law mode".
Next, for the new consumer insurance?

【學位授予單位】：中國社會科學院研究生院
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2002
【分類號】：D913

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)會議論文 前1條

1 楊鐵軍;;消費者合同中信息均衡性實現(xiàn)研究——以民法為視角[A];繁榮學術(shù) 服務龍江——黑龍江省第二屆社會科學學術(shù)年會優(yōu)秀論文集（上冊）[C];2010年

相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前10條

1 向蘭金;我國《消費者權(quán)益保護法》相關(guān)法律問題研究[D];吉林大學;2011年

2 李慧;消費者撤回權(quán)制度研究[D];華中師范大學;2011年

3 徐秀峰;試論消費后悔權(quán)制度的完善[D];華東政法大學;2011年

4 彭梓鈴;論消費者后悔權(quán)制度[D];華東政法大學;2011年

5 董錕;消費者權(quán)益保護的相關(guān)法律問題研究[D];華東政法大學;2011年

6 高曉潔;消費者知情權(quán)研究[D];重慶大學;2011年

7 宿佳佳;手機消費者權(quán)益保護法律問題研究[D];蘭州商學院;2011年

8 陳勇;電信用戶合法民事權(quán)益保護制度的研究[D];中國政法大學;2007年

9 柴穎;消費者知情權(quán)研究[D];吉林大學;2008年

10 呂燾;消費者維權(quán)救濟體系研究[D];華東政法大學;2009年

本文編號：1812789