GPA例外原則研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-27 07:56
【摘要】：隨著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化趨勢的不斷深入,政府采購逐漸受到了國際上各個(gè)市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制國家的高度重視。政府采購作為現(xiàn)代國家政府社會(huì)管理、經(jīng)濟(jì)管理的重要手段之一,能夠有效加強(qiáng)財(cái)政支出管理,提高財(cái)政資金使用效率,規(guī)范政府采購行為�！墩少弲f(xié)議》(簡稱GPA)是世界貿(mào)易組織制定的政府采購規(guī)則,是世界貿(mào)易組織下轄的協(xié)議之一,對簽署國的政府采購行為能夠起到約束性。在我國加入世界貿(mào)易組織之后,我國的政府采購行為也受到了GPA的限制與約束。由于政府采購不同于一般的采購性質(zhì),而是具備一定的政策功能,不僅僅體現(xiàn)在其對財(cái)政資金的積極影響等方面,同時(shí)也包括對本國產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展政策目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)的保護(hù)。作為WTO法律框架下的協(xié)議之一,GPA提倡的是國際貿(mào)易自由化競爭,但是與此同時(shí),為保證各個(gè)國家貿(mào)易往來的平等性與開放性,避免過分追求貿(mào)易自由化,導(dǎo)致本質(zhì)上的不公平,GPA在規(guī)定了非歧視原則的同時(shí),也提供了一些例外空間。對于我國來講,GPA中規(guī)定的公共利益、發(fā)展中國家特殊待遇等條款,為我國政府采購行為的合法、合理實(shí)施提供了重要保障和依據(jù)。因此,通過對GPA例外原則的分析,能夠有效提升我國財(cái)政資金使用效率,進(jìn)一步保證我國政府在采購過程中的合法權(quán)益。本文首先對GPA例外原則概念進(jìn)行簡要闡述和分析,從國內(nèi)、國外兩個(gè)方面對GPA例外原則的概念界定進(jìn)行分析,就GPA例外原則的特征和類別進(jìn)行分析,多角度的了解GPA例外原則。同時(shí)本文從成員國開放國內(nèi)采購市場的特殊性、適用“綠色”環(huán)保條款、維護(hù)公共秩序、差別對待發(fā)展中國家等方面對GPA例外原則的適用特殊性進(jìn)行研究。充分了解我國加入GPA的進(jìn)程以及目前所進(jìn)行的工作之后發(fā)現(xiàn)我國與國外相比在運(yùn)用GPA例外原則上還存在許多不足,包括具體規(guī)定沒有落實(shí)、沒有具體規(guī)則保護(hù)國內(nèi)中小企業(yè)、環(huán)保條款不完善等現(xiàn)實(shí)問題。以美國和德國兩個(gè)國家為例,分別就兩個(gè)國家GPA例外原則適用的經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行總結(jié),了解美國和德國在適用例外原則的過程中所采取的方式方法,為我國提供參考和借鑒。最后對例外原則下的我國援引對策進(jìn)行研究,從落實(shí)我國《政府采購法》現(xiàn)有規(guī)定、增設(shè)《政府采購法》中有利于我國規(guī)定、充分利用環(huán)保條款三個(gè)方面展開研究。我國正在積極談判加入GPA,在正式加入之前對GPA例外原則進(jìn)行研究對我國有重大意義。通過上述研究內(nèi)容,一方面能夠從理論的角度豐富學(xué)術(shù)界的研究內(nèi)容,以理論更好的指導(dǎo)實(shí)踐；另一方面也能夠推動(dòng)我國政府采購行為的合法性、合理性,提升我國財(cái)政資金使用效率,為我國社會(huì)與經(jīng)濟(jì)各項(xiàng)事業(yè)的發(fā)展奠定必要基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of the trend of global economic integration, government procurement has gradually been attached great importance to by various countries in the international market economy system. As one of the important means of government social management and economic management in modern countries, government procurement can effectively strengthen the management of fiscal expenditure, improve the efficiency of the use of financial funds and standardize the behavior of government procurement. The Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) is a government procurement rule formulated by the World Trade Organization (WTO). It is one of the agreements under the jurisdiction of the World Trade Organization (WTO), which can bind the government procurement behavior of signatories. After China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), China's government procurement behavior has also been restricted and restricted by GPA. Because government procurement is different from the general procurement nature, but has a certain policy function, not only in its positive impact on financial funds, but also in the protection of the realization of domestic industrial development policy objectives. As one of the agreements under the legal framework of WTO, GPA advocates international trade liberalization competition, but at the same time, in order to ensure the equality and openness of trade exchanges of various countries, avoid excessive pursuit of trade liberalization, resulting in essential injustice, GPA not only stipulates the principle of non-discrimination, but also provides some exception space. As far as our country is concerned, the public interest and special treatment of developing countries stipulated in GPA provide an important guarantee and basis for the legality and rational implementation of government procurement in our country. Therefore, through the analysis of GPA exception principle, we can effectively improve the efficiency of the use of financial funds in our country, and further ensure the legitimate rights and interests of our government in the procurement process. In this paper, the concept of GPA exception principle is briefly expounded and analyzed, the concept definition of GPA exception principle is analyzed from two aspects at home and abroad, the characteristics and categories of GPA exception principle are analyzed, and the GPA exception principle is understood from many angles. At the same time, this paper studies the particularity of GPA exception principle from the aspects of the particularity of opening up the domestic procurement market, the application of "green" environmental protection clause, the maintenance of public order and the differential treatment of developing countries. After fully understanding the process of China's entry into GPA and the current work carried out, it is found that compared with foreign countries, there are still many shortcomings in the application of GPA exceptions in China, including the lack of implementation of specific provisions, the lack of specific rules to protect domestic small and medium-sized enterprises, and the imperfection of environmental protection provisions. Taking the United States and Germany as examples, this paper summarizes the experience of the application of GPA exception principle in the two countries, and understands the ways and means adopted by the United States and Germany in the process of applying the exception principle, so as to provide reference and reference for our country. Finally, this paper studies the countermeasures under the principle of exception, and studies from three aspects: the implementation of the existing provisions of the Government Procurement Law, the addition of the provisions of the Government Procurement Law is beneficial to our country, and the full use of environmental protection provisions. It is of great significance for our country to study the exception principle of GPA before China's entry into GPA,. Through the above research contents, on the one hand, we can enrich the academic research content from the theoretical point of view, and guide the practice with the theory; on the other hand, it can also promote the legitimacy and rationality of our government procurement behavior, improve the efficiency of the use of financial funds in our country, and lay a necessary foundation for the development of social and economic undertakings in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D922.2
本文編號(hào)：2506628
[Abstract]:With the deepening of the trend of global economic integration, government procurement has gradually been attached great importance to by various countries in the international market economy system. As one of the important means of government social management and economic management in modern countries, government procurement can effectively strengthen the management of fiscal expenditure, improve the efficiency of the use of financial funds and standardize the behavior of government procurement. The Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA) is a government procurement rule formulated by the World Trade Organization (WTO). It is one of the agreements under the jurisdiction of the World Trade Organization (WTO), which can bind the government procurement behavior of signatories. After China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), China's government procurement behavior has also been restricted and restricted by GPA. Because government procurement is different from the general procurement nature, but has a certain policy function, not only in its positive impact on financial funds, but also in the protection of the realization of domestic industrial development policy objectives. As one of the agreements under the legal framework of WTO, GPA advocates international trade liberalization competition, but at the same time, in order to ensure the equality and openness of trade exchanges of various countries, avoid excessive pursuit of trade liberalization, resulting in essential injustice, GPA not only stipulates the principle of non-discrimination, but also provides some exception space. As far as our country is concerned, the public interest and special treatment of developing countries stipulated in GPA provide an important guarantee and basis for the legality and rational implementation of government procurement in our country. Therefore, through the analysis of GPA exception principle, we can effectively improve the efficiency of the use of financial funds in our country, and further ensure the legitimate rights and interests of our government in the procurement process. In this paper, the concept of GPA exception principle is briefly expounded and analyzed, the concept definition of GPA exception principle is analyzed from two aspects at home and abroad, the characteristics and categories of GPA exception principle are analyzed, and the GPA exception principle is understood from many angles. At the same time, this paper studies the particularity of GPA exception principle from the aspects of the particularity of opening up the domestic procurement market, the application of "green" environmental protection clause, the maintenance of public order and the differential treatment of developing countries. After fully understanding the process of China's entry into GPA and the current work carried out, it is found that compared with foreign countries, there are still many shortcomings in the application of GPA exceptions in China, including the lack of implementation of specific provisions, the lack of specific rules to protect domestic small and medium-sized enterprises, and the imperfection of environmental protection provisions. Taking the United States and Germany as examples, this paper summarizes the experience of the application of GPA exception principle in the two countries, and understands the ways and means adopted by the United States and Germany in the process of applying the exception principle, so as to provide reference and reference for our country. Finally, this paper studies the countermeasures under the principle of exception, and studies from three aspects: the implementation of the existing provisions of the Government Procurement Law, the addition of the provisions of the Government Procurement Law is beneficial to our country, and the full use of environmental protection provisions. It is of great significance for our country to study the exception principle of GPA before China's entry into GPA,. Through the above research contents, on the one hand, we can enrich the academic research content from the theoretical point of view, and guide the practice with the theory; on the other hand, it can also promote the legitimacy and rationality of our government procurement behavior, improve the efficiency of the use of financial funds in our country, and lay a necessary foundation for the development of social and economic undertakings in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D922.2
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條
1 于安;加入《政府采購協(xié)定》對我國國內(nèi)制度的影響[J];法學(xué);2005年06期
，本文編號(hào)：2506628
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