我國P2P監(jiān)管法律問題研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-05 01:36
【摘要】：P2P是起源于英國的一種新型金融產(chǎn)品,2007年進入中國。在當前我國金融環(huán)境較為壓抑的情況下,P2P嶄露頭角作為傳統(tǒng)金融市場的有效補充,近些年在我國得到了迅猛的發(fā)展。但是瘋狂的增長帶來了一定的負面作用,無準入門檻、無行業(yè)標準、無人監(jiān)管,部分地區(qū)平臺倒閉,詐騙錢財、卷款跑路的惡性事件時有發(fā)生。P2P有它自己的特點,專業(yè)性強、復雜程度高、較為隱蔽,而且進入中國以后,大部分平臺不再是簡單的信息中介。英美國家P2P行業(yè)發(fā)展在起步時也出現(xiàn)過各種各樣的問題,但是通過監(jiān)管部門和行業(yè)協(xié)會的不懈努力,制定科學的監(jiān)管方案,監(jiān)管體系也越來越健全,值得我們學習和借鑒。因此為了P2P行業(yè)能夠長期健康有序的發(fā)展,建立健全金融法律體系,將其納入監(jiān)管體系勢在必行。本文通過三部分進行闡述,最終給出適合我國P2P行業(yè)發(fā)展的監(jiān)管模式:第一部分介紹我國P2P網(wǎng)絡借貸模式。目前我國現(xiàn)存的主要模式有:經(jīng)典模式、資金池模式、信用擔保模式和自融模式。正文都將對其一一介紹并解釋相應的運作方法。第二部分介紹我國P2P行業(yè)監(jiān)管存在的問題。我國P2P行業(yè)現(xiàn)狀的特點是:(1)平臺數(shù)量多,交易額大。截止2014年末,可以查到的平臺達到2000多家,交易額共計3000億;(2)交易模式改革,從信息中介向信用中介轉(zhuǎn)化,平臺本身或第三方為投資人提供擔保;(3)交易服務對象多為中小企業(yè),為生產(chǎn)融資發(fā)放貸款,實屬商業(yè)貸款,脫離了消費金融的屬性;(4)基于當前國內(nèi)征信體系不健全,平臺多采取線上與線下相結(jié)合,線上招攬資金,線下物色借款人并審核借款人信用;(5)行業(yè)發(fā)展良莠不齊,秩序混亂,缺乏監(jiān)管,沒有行業(yè)標準,準入門檻低。第三部分針對我國現(xiàn)有的P2P現(xiàn)狀和吸取英美兩國的優(yōu)秀經(jīng)驗,提出自己的監(jiān)管建議。(1)監(jiān)管要寬松,給與行業(yè)發(fā)展空間;(2)分類監(jiān)管,針對信息中介給出明確的監(jiān)管底線,不違反不干涉,監(jiān)管重點是信用中介;(3)以銀監(jiān)會為核心監(jiān)管部門,多部門協(xié)同監(jiān)管;(4)設立行業(yè)準入制度,從發(fā)起人資格、平臺技術要求、組織結(jié)構等方面進行規(guī)定;(5)根據(jù)平臺規(guī)模大小,設立最低營運資本金,有效控制平臺風險;(6)客戶與平臺自營資金分離,使交易透明化、正規(guī)化、有利監(jiān)管;(7)保護消費者權益,建立投訴機構和提高處理效率。
[Abstract]:P2P is a new financial product originated in the United Kingdom, which entered China in 2007. At present, under the condition that the financial environment of our country is relatively depressed, P2P, as an effective supplement to the traditional financial market, has been developed rapidly in our country in recent years. However, crazy growth has brought certain negative effects, no entry threshold, no industry standards, no supervision, the collapse of some regional platforms, fraud of money, volume money running away from time to time malignant incidents occur. P2P has its own characteristics, strong professionalism, High complexity, more hidden, and after entering China, most of the platform is no longer a simple information intermediary. At the beginning of the development of P2P industry in Britain and the United States, there have also been a variety of problems, but through the unremitting efforts of regulatory departments and industry associations to formulate scientific regulatory plans, the regulatory system is becoming more and more perfect, which is worthy of our study and reference. Therefore, in order to develop P2P industry healthily and orderly for a long time, it is imperative to establish and improve the financial legal system and bring it into the regulatory system. This paper expounds through three parts, and finally gives the supervision mode suitable for the development of P2P industry in our country: the first part introduces the P2P network lending mode in our country. At present, the existing main models in China are: classical model, capital pool model, credit guarantee model and self-financing model. The main body will introduce and explain the corresponding operation methods one by one. The second part introduces the problems existing in the supervision of P2P industry in China. The characteristics of P2P industry in China are as follows: (1) the number of platforms is large and the transaction volume is large. By the end of 2014, more than 2000 platforms could be found, with a total transaction volume of 300 billion. (2) Trading mode reform, from information intermediary to credit intermediary, the platform itself or third parties provide guarantees for investors; (3) most of the transaction service objects are small and medium-sized enterprises, and the loans for production financing are commercial loans, which are divorced from the attribute of consumer finance; (4) based on the current domestic credit system is not perfect, the platform mostly adopts the combination of online and offline, online soliciting funds, offline search for borrowers and audit the borrower's credit; (5) the development of the industry is intermingled, the order is chaotic, the lack of supervision, there is no industry standard, the entry threshold is low. The third part puts forward its own regulatory suggestions in view of the current situation of P2P in China and the excellent experience of the United States and the United States. (1) the supervision should be relaxed to give room for the development of the industry; (2) classified supervision, which gives a clear regulatory bottom line for information intermediaries, does not violate non-interference, and focuses on credit intermediaries. (3) taking CBRC as the core regulatory department, multi-department coordinated supervision; (4) the establishment of industry access system, from the qualifications of sponsors, platform technical requirements, organizational structure and other aspects; (5) according to the size of the platform, the establishment of minimum working capital to effectively control the risk of the platform; (6) the separation of customer and platform proprietary capital makes the transaction transparent, formalized and beneficial to supervision; (7) protect the rights and interests of consumers, establish complaint institutions and improve the efficiency of handling.
【學位授予單位】：中國社會科學院研究生院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D922.28
本文編號：2493154
[Abstract]:P2P is a new financial product originated in the United Kingdom, which entered China in 2007. At present, under the condition that the financial environment of our country is relatively depressed, P2P, as an effective supplement to the traditional financial market, has been developed rapidly in our country in recent years. However, crazy growth has brought certain negative effects, no entry threshold, no industry standards, no supervision, the collapse of some regional platforms, fraud of money, volume money running away from time to time malignant incidents occur. P2P has its own characteristics, strong professionalism, High complexity, more hidden, and after entering China, most of the platform is no longer a simple information intermediary. At the beginning of the development of P2P industry in Britain and the United States, there have also been a variety of problems, but through the unremitting efforts of regulatory departments and industry associations to formulate scientific regulatory plans, the regulatory system is becoming more and more perfect, which is worthy of our study and reference. Therefore, in order to develop P2P industry healthily and orderly for a long time, it is imperative to establish and improve the financial legal system and bring it into the regulatory system. This paper expounds through three parts, and finally gives the supervision mode suitable for the development of P2P industry in our country: the first part introduces the P2P network lending mode in our country. At present, the existing main models in China are: classical model, capital pool model, credit guarantee model and self-financing model. The main body will introduce and explain the corresponding operation methods one by one. The second part introduces the problems existing in the supervision of P2P industry in China. The characteristics of P2P industry in China are as follows: (1) the number of platforms is large and the transaction volume is large. By the end of 2014, more than 2000 platforms could be found, with a total transaction volume of 300 billion. (2) Trading mode reform, from information intermediary to credit intermediary, the platform itself or third parties provide guarantees for investors; (3) most of the transaction service objects are small and medium-sized enterprises, and the loans for production financing are commercial loans, which are divorced from the attribute of consumer finance; (4) based on the current domestic credit system is not perfect, the platform mostly adopts the combination of online and offline, online soliciting funds, offline search for borrowers and audit the borrower's credit; (5) the development of the industry is intermingled, the order is chaotic, the lack of supervision, there is no industry standard, the entry threshold is low. The third part puts forward its own regulatory suggestions in view of the current situation of P2P in China and the excellent experience of the United States and the United States. (1) the supervision should be relaxed to give room for the development of the industry; (2) classified supervision, which gives a clear regulatory bottom line for information intermediaries, does not violate non-interference, and focuses on credit intermediaries. (3) taking CBRC as the core regulatory department, multi-department coordinated supervision; (4) the establishment of industry access system, from the qualifications of sponsors, platform technical requirements, organizational structure and other aspects; (5) according to the size of the platform, the establishment of minimum working capital to effectively control the risk of the platform; (6) the separation of customer and platform proprietary capital makes the transaction transparent, formalized and beneficial to supervision; (7) protect the rights and interests of consumers, establish complaint institutions and improve the efficiency of handling.
【學位授予單位】：中國社會科學院研究生院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D922.28
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