【摘要】：對壟斷協(xié)議的規(guī)制是現(xiàn)代反壟斷法實(shí)體制度的重要組成部分。協(xié)議壟斷不僅表現(xiàn)為書面的或者口頭的協(xié)議,而且表現(xiàn)為彼此心照不宣的默契,因此壟斷協(xié)議的一個重要特點(diǎn)就是難以發(fā)現(xiàn)和取證。同時,協(xié)議壟斷的參與者為了規(guī)避反壟斷法對其的嚴(yán)厲處罰,訂立協(xié)議的形式更加隱秘,且采取多樣化的回避方式,使得執(zhí)法機(jī)構(gòu)對壟斷協(xié)議的調(diào)查取證更為艱難。此外,如今的協(xié)議壟斷在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化趨勢的推動下,越來越多的呈現(xiàn)出跨國性的特征,這無疑增加了對其的打擊難度。而濫觴于美國的寬恕制度就是一種被證明為有效分化瓦解壟斷聯(lián)盟、獲取壟斷協(xié)議證據(jù)的重要舉措,且該制度一度成為各國反壟斷研究的重要課題。寬恕制度的效用在實(shí)踐中逐漸顯現(xiàn)后,被許多國家予以借鑒和引入,我國于2008年8月1日開始施行的《反壟斷法》也導(dǎo)入了該制度,該法第46條第2款就是我國關(guān)于反壟斷寬恕制度的規(guī)定,即經(jīng)營者如果主動報告有關(guān)情況、提供重要證據(jù)的,可以酌情減輕或免除處罰。但是該條款只是對寬恕制度的一個原則性立法,規(guī)定過于粗略,如寬恕制度適用的具體條件不明確、寬恕制度的適用程序未做規(guī)定、寬免的法律責(zé)任范圍和幅度不確定、反壟斷執(zhí)法機(jī)構(gòu)的自由裁量權(quán)過大等等,這必然導(dǎo)致寬恕制度的可預(yù)見性不強(qiáng),執(zhí)行存在許多困難。因此,系統(tǒng)、深入地研究反壟斷寬恕制度的相關(guān)問題,完善我國反壟斷寬恕制度的實(shí)體性規(guī)則和程序性規(guī)則,強(qiáng)化和明確寬恕待遇,肅清寬恕制度執(zhí)行的外部環(huán)境,因此出臺反壟斷寬恕制度的實(shí)施細(xì)則或執(zhí)行指南迫在眉睫。
[Abstract]:The regulation of monopoly agreement is an important part of the substantive system of modern antitrust law. The monopoly of agreement is not only a written or verbal agreement, but also a tacit understanding of each other. Therefore, an important feature of the monopoly agreement is that it is difficult to find and obtain evidence. At the same time, in order to avoid the severe punishment imposed by the antitrust law, the participants of the agreement make the form of the agreement more secret and adopt a variety of evading ways, which makes it more difficult for the law enforcement agencies to investigate and obtain evidence of the monopoly agreement. In addition, nowadays the agreement monopoly is promoted by the globalization of the world economy, more and more of them show the characteristics of transnational nature, which undoubtedly increases the difficulty of cracking down on it. The forgiveness system originated in the United States is proved to be an important measure to effectively divide and disintegrate the monopoly alliance and obtain the evidence of the monopoly agreement, and this system has once become an important subject of anti-monopoly research in various countries. After the effectiveness of the forgiveness system has gradually appeared in practice, it has been used for reference and introduced by many countries, and the Anti-monopoly Law, which was implemented in China on August 1, 2008, has also been introduced into the system. Article 46, paragraph 2, of the Act is our country's system of anti-monopoly forgiveness, that is, if the operator voluntarily reports the relevant situation and provides important evidence, he or she may, as appropriate, mitigate or waive the punishment. However, this provision is only a principled legislation on the system of forgiveness, and the provisions are too rough, if the specific conditions for the application of the system of forgiveness are not clear, the procedure for the application of the system of forgiveness is not provided for, and the scope and extent of the legal liability of the waiver is uncertain, The excessive discretion of the anti-monopoly law enforcement agencies will inevitably lead to the weak predictability of the forgiveness system and many difficulties in its implementation. Therefore, systematically and deeply study the related problems of anti-monopoly forgiveness system, perfect the substantive and procedural rules of our country's anti-monopoly forgiveness system, strengthen and clarify the treatment of forgiveness, and eliminate the external environment of the implementation of the system of forgiveness. Therefore, the introduction of anti-monopoly forgiveness system of the implementation of the rules or guidelines is imminent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D922.294

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