海運集裝箱滯箱費性質(zhì)認定問題研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-01-07 09:54
【摘要】：集裝箱運輸作為一種現(xiàn)代化運輸方式,近年來得到了突飛猛進的發(fā)展。尤其在國際海上貨物運輸領(lǐng)域,集裝箱運輸已逐步取代傳統(tǒng)的件雜貨運輸,成為國際班輪航線上占有支配地位的運輸形式。集裝箱超期使用費糾紛的解決一直備受航運業(yè)的關(guān)注。本文的主要研究對象是海運集裝箱進口滯箱費,寫作目的是對海運集裝箱滯箱費的性質(zhì)進行界定。在第一章中對海運集裝箱性質(zhì)的界定是認定海運集裝箱滯箱費性質(zhì)的基礎(chǔ),海運集裝箱在承運人責(zé)任范圍下屬于船舶的延伸,超過集裝箱的約定期限貨物仍未從集裝箱內(nèi)脫離則表示海運合同仍處在履行狀態(tài),此時產(chǎn)生的集裝箱滯箱費的性質(zhì)認定應(yīng)當(dāng)以海運合同為依據(jù)。海運集裝箱滯箱費的產(chǎn)生主要來自于貨物進口環(huán)節(jié),海運集裝箱滯期費性質(zhì)的認定不明則會導(dǎo)致港口機構(gòu)處理困境以及當(dāng)事人的權(quán)益糾紛。在第二章中通過案例引入,探討了在承運人規(guī)定的集裝箱免費使用期屆滿的情況下,集裝箱占有使用人與承運人之間形成新的集裝箱租賃法律關(guān)系,進而對"租金論"觀點下的請求權(quán)基礎(chǔ)進行分析,認為將海運集裝箱滯箱費認定為"租金"有不合理之處。在第三章中主要對將集裝箱滯箱費認定為"違約金"的兩種觀點進行討論,一種是違反海上貨物運輸合同中的集裝箱使用期限條款而產(chǎn)生的違約金,一種是違反海上貨物運輸合同中的附隨義務(wù)所產(chǎn)生的違約金。約定的遞增集裝箱滯箱費率按天計算具有懲罰性,違反集裝箱使用期限的約定而產(chǎn)生的集裝箱滯箱費應(yīng)當(dāng)認定為違約金。在第四章中對集裝箱滯箱費性質(zhì)認定帶來的訴訟時效和請求金額問題進行了討論,在充分考慮船貨各方利益的基礎(chǔ)上提出相關(guān)的法律解決對策及建議,以尋求當(dāng)事人雙方的利益平衡點。最后結(jié)合全文的分析探討給出結(jié)論。本文認為,海運集裝箱滯箱費性質(zhì)上屬于違反海運合同項下集裝箱使用期限條款的違約金。關(guān)于論文的主要研究方法,除了比較研究、價值分析等方法外,由于海上集裝箱運輸?shù)目陀^情況復(fù)雜多變,這就要求對集裝箱滯箱費性質(zhì)認定的探討應(yīng)當(dāng)以實際情況為依據(jù),所以案例分析法是貫穿本文的最重要的研究方法。
[Abstract]:As a modern transportation mode, container transportation has been developed by leaps and bounds in recent years. Especially in the field of international maritime cargo transportation, container transport has gradually replaced the traditional cargo transport, and has become the dominant form of transportation on international liner routes. The settlement of the dispute over the extended usage fee of containers has been concerned by the shipping industry all the time. The purpose of this paper is to define the nature of the container lag fee. In the first chapter, the definition of the nature of sea container is the basis of determining the nature of container lag fee, which belongs to the extension of the ship under the scope of the carrier's responsibility. If the goods have not been separated from the container after the agreed time limit of the container, the shipping contract is still in the state of performance, and the nature of the container lag fee should be determined on the basis of the shipping contract. The origin of container lag charges mainly comes from the import of goods. The identification of the demurrage of sea containers will lead to the plight of the port authorities and the rights and interests disputes of the parties. In the second chapter, through the case study, the author discusses the new legal relationship of container lease between the container possessor and the carrier under the condition that the free use period of the container stipulated by the carrier expires. Then, the author analyzes the claim basis of "rent theory", and thinks that it is unreasonable to regard the shipping container lag charge as "rent". In the third chapter, the author mainly discusses the two viewpoints that the container delay fee is regarded as "liquidated damages", one is the liquidated damages arising from the breach of the term of use clause of containers in the contract of carriage of goods by sea. One is the penalty for breach of collateral obligations in a contract for the carriage of goods by sea. The agreed incremental container lag rate is punitive by day, and the container delay fee caused by violating the term of use of the container shall be regarded as liquidated damages. In the fourth chapter, the limitation of action and the amount of claim brought by the nature of container delay fee are discussed, and the relevant legal solutions and suggestions are put forward on the basis of fully considering the interests of all parties to the ship and cargo. In order to seek the balance of interests between the parties. Finally, the conclusion is given based on the analysis and discussion of the full text. This paper holds that the shipping container delay fee is a penalty for breach of the term of service of the container under the maritime contract. As for the main research methods of the thesis, besides comparative study, value analysis and other methods, the objective situation of container transportation by sea is complex and changeable, which requires that the discussion on the nature of container lag fee should be based on the actual situation. So case analysis is the most important research method through this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.294;D923.6
本文編號：2403520
[Abstract]:As a modern transportation mode, container transportation has been developed by leaps and bounds in recent years. Especially in the field of international maritime cargo transportation, container transport has gradually replaced the traditional cargo transport, and has become the dominant form of transportation on international liner routes. The settlement of the dispute over the extended usage fee of containers has been concerned by the shipping industry all the time. The purpose of this paper is to define the nature of the container lag fee. In the first chapter, the definition of the nature of sea container is the basis of determining the nature of container lag fee, which belongs to the extension of the ship under the scope of the carrier's responsibility. If the goods have not been separated from the container after the agreed time limit of the container, the shipping contract is still in the state of performance, and the nature of the container lag fee should be determined on the basis of the shipping contract. The origin of container lag charges mainly comes from the import of goods. The identification of the demurrage of sea containers will lead to the plight of the port authorities and the rights and interests disputes of the parties. In the second chapter, through the case study, the author discusses the new legal relationship of container lease between the container possessor and the carrier under the condition that the free use period of the container stipulated by the carrier expires. Then, the author analyzes the claim basis of "rent theory", and thinks that it is unreasonable to regard the shipping container lag charge as "rent". In the third chapter, the author mainly discusses the two viewpoints that the container delay fee is regarded as "liquidated damages", one is the liquidated damages arising from the breach of the term of use clause of containers in the contract of carriage of goods by sea. One is the penalty for breach of collateral obligations in a contract for the carriage of goods by sea. The agreed incremental container lag rate is punitive by day, and the container delay fee caused by violating the term of use of the container shall be regarded as liquidated damages. In the fourth chapter, the limitation of action and the amount of claim brought by the nature of container delay fee are discussed, and the relevant legal solutions and suggestions are put forward on the basis of fully considering the interests of all parties to the ship and cargo. In order to seek the balance of interests between the parties. Finally, the conclusion is given based on the analysis and discussion of the full text. This paper holds that the shipping container delay fee is a penalty for breach of the term of service of the container under the maritime contract. As for the main research methods of the thesis, besides comparative study, value analysis and other methods, the objective situation of container transportation by sea is complex and changeable, which requires that the discussion on the nature of container lag fee should be based on the actual situation. So case analysis is the most important research method through this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.294;D923.6
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