論網(wǎng)約車平臺的法律屬性及法律規(guī)制
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-01 19:27
【摘要】：在信息網(wǎng)絡數(shù)據(jù)化的大時代背景下,隨著打車軟件的開發(fā)和應用,不僅給過去傳統(tǒng)出租車行業(yè)帶來了極大的沖擊,也因此導致網(wǎng)約車市場規(guī)制上的空白,使其在市場運營過程中隱藏諸多法律風險。本文試圖通過文獻研究、案例分析等方法以明辨網(wǎng)約車平臺的法律屬性為切入點,明確平臺的具體義務,規(guī)范專車和司機的市場準入條件,為乘客權(quán)益的法律保護提供一定程度的理論研究價值。文章第一部分提出網(wǎng)約車環(huán)境下存在的現(xiàn)實問題。通過近期發(fā)生的實際案例,提出目前網(wǎng)絡約車在經(jīng)營運營中亟待解決的問題,為下文的撰寫作鋪墊。文章第二部分對網(wǎng)約車運營中平臺的法律屬性進行界定。首先,對目前學界已經(jīng)存在的相關(guān)爭議進行概括總結(jié),進而提出自己的觀點,即,論證網(wǎng)約車平臺的法律屬性應當根據(jù)其不同的運營方式以及自身特點進行分類討論。文章第三部分解決網(wǎng)約車平臺作為承運人運營時的法律規(guī)制問題。首先,設定網(wǎng)約車平臺的市場準入規(guī)則,包括平臺本身的設立條件以及車輛和司機的準入條件。其次,規(guī)范網(wǎng)約車平臺的經(jīng)營義務。最后,明確網(wǎng)約車平臺的禁止性行為。文章第四部分解決網(wǎng)約車平臺作為居間商運營時的法律規(guī)制問題。首先,設定網(wǎng)約車輛和專車司機的準入條件,這里的條件應當比平臺自供車輛模式下的條件具有更高標準。其次,對網(wǎng)約車平臺的中介行為進行規(guī)制,同時規(guī)范其在特殊情況下的連帶責任。2016年7月新出臺的《網(wǎng)絡預約出租汽車經(jīng)營服務管理暫行辦法》,明確了網(wǎng)約車的合法地位,并將平臺與司機的關(guān)系定性為非全日制勞動合同關(guān)系,平臺公司將承擔承運人責任。然而筆者對此持有不同意見,由于實踐中網(wǎng)絡約車的運營具有多種模式,將私家車加盟情況下的平臺屬性也以承運人論,顯得有些牽強和不妥。因此本文研究結(jié)果認為,在平臺自供車輛的情形下應定性為承運人,而在私家車加盟情形下平臺只是具有居間商的法律屬性。在此基礎上,進一步規(guī)范兩種模式下平臺的相關(guān)法律義務,并且強調(diào)后者的準入條件應當具有更高標準,在平臺逾越其中介地位時將與司機承擔連帶責任,以此保障乘客的合法權(quán)益。
[Abstract]:Under the background of the information network digitization, with the development and application of ride-hailing software, it not only brought great impact to the traditional taxi industry in the past, but also led to the blank in the regulation of the ride-hailing market. Make it hide a lot of legal risks in the course of market operation. This paper attempts to clarify the specific obligations of the platform by means of literature research, case analysis and other methods, with the clear identification of the legal attributes of the ride-hailing platform, and to standardize the market access conditions for special buses and drivers. To provide a certain degree of theoretical research value for the legal protection of passenger rights and interests. The first part of the article puts forward the practical problems existing in the network car-sharing environment. Based on the recent practical cases, this paper puts forward the problems to be solved urgently in the operation and operation of network ride-hailing, which lays the groundwork for the following writing. The second part of the article defines the legal attributes of the platform in the network car-sharing operation. First of all, the current academic circles have been summarized the relevant disputes, and then put forward their own point of view, that is, demonstration of the legal attributes of ride-hailing platforms should be based on their different operating methods and their own characteristics of classification and discussion. In the third part, the legal regulation of ride-sharing platform as carrier is solved. First, the market access rules of the ride-hailing platform are established, including the establishment conditions of the platform itself and the access conditions for vehicles and drivers. Second, standardize the network of ride-sharing platform operating obligations. Finally, it is clear that the net ride-hailing platform forbids sexual behavior. The fourth part of the article solves the problem of the legal regulation of the ride-hailing platform as an intermediary. First of all, set the access conditions of the network vehicle and special vehicle driver, the condition here should have higher standard than the condition under the platform self-supply vehicle mode. Secondly, regulate the intermediary behavior of the network ride-hailing platform, and standardize its joint and several liability under special circumstances. In July 2016, the new "interim measures for the Management of Network booking Taxi Business Service", which clearly defines the legal status of the net-ride-hailing platform, The relationship between the platform and the driver is defined as a part-time labor contract, and the platform company will bear the responsibility of the carrier. However, the author holds different opinions on this. Because of the multiple modes of network ride-sharing operation in practice, it is somewhat far-fetched and inappropriate to take the carrier theory as the platform attribute in the case of private car joining. Therefore, the conclusion of this paper is that the platform should be characterized as carrier in the case of self-confessing vehicle, while in the case of private car joining, the platform only has the legal attribute of intermediary. On this basis, further standardize the relevant legal obligations of the platform under the two models, and emphasize that the access conditions of the latter should have a higher standard, and that the platform will bear joint and several liability with the driver when the platform exceeds its intermediary status. In order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of passengers.
【學位授予單位】：寧波大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.296
本文編號：2304881
[Abstract]:Under the background of the information network digitization, with the development and application of ride-hailing software, it not only brought great impact to the traditional taxi industry in the past, but also led to the blank in the regulation of the ride-hailing market. Make it hide a lot of legal risks in the course of market operation. This paper attempts to clarify the specific obligations of the platform by means of literature research, case analysis and other methods, with the clear identification of the legal attributes of the ride-hailing platform, and to standardize the market access conditions for special buses and drivers. To provide a certain degree of theoretical research value for the legal protection of passenger rights and interests. The first part of the article puts forward the practical problems existing in the network car-sharing environment. Based on the recent practical cases, this paper puts forward the problems to be solved urgently in the operation and operation of network ride-hailing, which lays the groundwork for the following writing. The second part of the article defines the legal attributes of the platform in the network car-sharing operation. First of all, the current academic circles have been summarized the relevant disputes, and then put forward their own point of view, that is, demonstration of the legal attributes of ride-hailing platforms should be based on their different operating methods and their own characteristics of classification and discussion. In the third part, the legal regulation of ride-sharing platform as carrier is solved. First, the market access rules of the ride-hailing platform are established, including the establishment conditions of the platform itself and the access conditions for vehicles and drivers. Second, standardize the network of ride-sharing platform operating obligations. Finally, it is clear that the net ride-hailing platform forbids sexual behavior. The fourth part of the article solves the problem of the legal regulation of the ride-hailing platform as an intermediary. First of all, set the access conditions of the network vehicle and special vehicle driver, the condition here should have higher standard than the condition under the platform self-supply vehicle mode. Secondly, regulate the intermediary behavior of the network ride-hailing platform, and standardize its joint and several liability under special circumstances. In July 2016, the new "interim measures for the Management of Network booking Taxi Business Service", which clearly defines the legal status of the net-ride-hailing platform, The relationship between the platform and the driver is defined as a part-time labor contract, and the platform company will bear the responsibility of the carrier. However, the author holds different opinions on this. Because of the multiple modes of network ride-sharing operation in practice, it is somewhat far-fetched and inappropriate to take the carrier theory as the platform attribute in the case of private car joining. Therefore, the conclusion of this paper is that the platform should be characterized as carrier in the case of self-confessing vehicle, while in the case of private car joining, the platform only has the legal attribute of intermediary. On this basis, further standardize the relevant legal obligations of the platform under the two models, and emphasize that the access conditions of the latter should have a higher standard, and that the platform will bear joint and several liability with the driver when the platform exceeds its intermediary status. In order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of passengers.
【學位授予單位】：寧波大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.296
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