【摘要】：禁止反言制度源于英美法系中衡平法上的一種制度,其充分體現(xiàn)了衡平法追求公平正義的法治理念。具體而言,禁止反言制度旨在維護(hù)投保人或者被保險(xiǎn)人的利益,限制保險(xiǎn)人的不當(dāng)抗辯權(quán),達(dá)到保險(xiǎn)法律關(guān)系中雙方當(dāng)事人法律地位的平等,追求公平正義的法治理念。禁止反言制度由于其自身具有的靈活性和可操作性,為不少國家立法所確認(rèn),并對(duì)此作了比較詳細(xì)的規(guī)定。在我國,2009年新修訂的《保險(xiǎn)法》雖然引入了禁止反言制度,但規(guī)定過于原則、簡(jiǎn)單,使得保險(xiǎn)實(shí)踐難以具體操作。鑒此,如何完善保險(xiǎn)禁止反言制度,就成為值得研究的一項(xiàng)重要課題。研究保險(xiǎn)禁止反言制度,首先必須界定保險(xiǎn)禁止反言的內(nèi)涵及其確立的意義。所謂保險(xiǎn)禁止反言制度,是指保險(xiǎn)人或其保險(xiǎn)代理人在與投保人或者被保險(xiǎn)人簽訂保險(xiǎn)合同時(shí),已經(jīng)知道或者應(yīng)當(dāng)知道投保人或者被保險(xiǎn)人,未如實(shí)告知其有關(guān)保險(xiǎn)單中規(guī)定或約定的真實(shí)情況的,且此情況可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致保險(xiǎn)合同無效、失效或者可解除,保險(xiǎn)人不顧此情況仍與投保人簽訂保險(xiǎn)合同,合同成立后,保險(xiǎn)人不得解除合同；發(fā)生保險(xiǎn)事故后,保險(xiǎn)人以保險(xiǎn)合同存在無效、失效或可解除進(jìn)行抗辯的,法律禁止其反言；要求保險(xiǎn)人按照保險(xiǎn)合同中的規(guī)定或者約定,承擔(dān)賠償保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任或者賠償保險(xiǎn)金的責(zé)任。在功能上,禁止反言制度與棄權(quán)制度、締約過失責(zé)任制度以及失權(quán)制度有一定的相似性,但它們之間也存在差異。確立保險(xiǎn)禁止反言制度,其意義在于維護(hù)投保人之信賴?yán)嬉约俺C正保險(xiǎn)合同當(dāng)事人權(quán)利義務(wù)的失衡,實(shí)現(xiàn)公平正義之法治理念。在我國,現(xiàn)行保險(xiǎn)法雖然就禁止反言作了一些規(guī)定,但存在規(guī)定過于簡(jiǎn)單等問題,如對(duì)禁止反言適用的要件等未作規(guī)定,使得保險(xiǎn)實(shí)踐難以具體操作。鑒此,未來在修改保險(xiǎn)法時(shí),在借鑒國外立法經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,明確規(guī)定保險(xiǎn)禁止反言制度適用的要件、情形以及適用后產(chǎn)生的法律效果等,使得我國保險(xiǎn)禁止反言制度的規(guī)定更加完善。
[Abstract]:Estoppel system originates from a system of equity in Anglo-American law system, which fully embodies the legal concept of equity in pursuit of fairness and justice. Specifically, the system of estoppel aims to safeguard the interests of the insured or the insured, limit the insurer's right of improper defense, achieve the equality of the legal status of both parties in the legal relationship of insurance, and pursue the legal concept of fairness and justice. Because of its flexibility and maneuverability, the estoppel system has been confirmed by many national legislations and has been stipulated in detail. In our country, although the new revised Insurance Law of 2009 introduced the prohibition counterstatement system, the regulation is too principled and simple, which makes the practice of insurance difficult to operate. Therefore, how to perfect the estoppel system of insurance becomes an important subject worth studying. To study the system of estoppel in insurance, we must first define the connotation of estoppel and the significance of its establishment. The so-called system of estoppel of insurance means that the insurer or its insurance agent, when signing an insurance contract with the applicant or the insured, knows or should know the applicant or the insured, If he fails to truthfully inform him of the true circumstances stipulated or agreed upon in the relevant insurance policy, and this situation may lead to the invalidation, invalidation or rescission of the insurance contract, the insurer shall, in disregard of such circumstances, sign an insurance contract with the policyholder, after the contract has been established, The insurer shall not terminate the contract; if, after an insurance accident, the insurer defends the existence of an invalid, invalid or rescinded insurance contract, the counterstatement shall be prohibited by law; and the insurer shall be required to comply with the provisions or agreement in the insurance contract, Liability for indemnification or compensation for insurance benefits. In function, the system of estoppel and abstaining, the system of fault liability and the system of loss of power have some similarities, but there are also differences between them. The significance of establishing the system of estoppel in insurance is to maintain the trust interests of policy holders, to correct the imbalance of the rights and obligations of the parties to insurance contracts, and to realize the concept of rule of law of fairness and justice. In our country, although the current insurance law has made some provisions on estoppel, there are some problems such as too simple stipulation, such as not providing for the application of estoppel, which makes it difficult for insurance practice to operate concretely. In view of this, when amending the insurance law in the future, on the basis of drawing lessons from foreign legislative experience, it clearly stipulates the requirements for the application of the prohibition of insurance estoppel system, the circumstances and the legal effects that will result from the application, etc. Make our country insurance forbids countervailing the regulation of the system more perfect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D922.284

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