論中國普惠金融的法治構(gòu)造
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-27 10:55
【摘要】：2013年11月12日中國共產(chǎn)黨第十八屆中央委員會(huì)第三次全體會(huì)議通過的《中共中央關(guān)于全面深化改革若干重大問題的決定》正式提出“發(fā)展普惠金融。鼓勵(lì)金融創(chuàng)新,豐富金融市場層次和產(chǎn)品”(第三部分第12條)。普惠金融是聯(lián)合國在2005年小額信貸年上首次提出的概念,當(dāng)前的金融體系并沒有把真正需要享受金融服務(wù)的群體包括進(jìn)來,聯(lián)合國希望通過推廣小額信貸從而建立一種普惠的金融體系。當(dāng)期中國經(jīng)濟(jì)取得長足而穩(wěn)健的發(fā)展,但與此同時(shí),地區(qū)發(fā)展的不平衡和貧富差距的進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大等問題也不容忽視,造成這種現(xiàn)象的很大一部分原因在于金融排斥。長久以來二元結(jié)構(gòu)一直存在于我國金融體系中,以銀行為代表的金融機(jī)構(gòu)廣泛遵循“二八”定律,越是真正需求金融服務(wù)的對(duì)象越是被排斥在體系之外。在一定程度上普惠金融在當(dāng)前中國還算是一個(gè)比較新興的事物,當(dāng)前中國有著一批踐行普惠金融理念的金融主體,其中又以宜信等互聯(lián)網(wǎng)金融和小額信貸公司為顯著代表,政府在倡導(dǎo)金融企業(yè)注重社會(huì)責(zé)任的同時(shí)也應(yīng)該在法律制度和政策層面為金融主體踐行普惠金融理念保駕護(hù)航,當(dāng)前國內(nèi)學(xué)者對(duì)普惠金融的系統(tǒng)研究比較少,基于法學(xué)的視角探討普惠金融就更少了,而普惠金融的可持續(xù)發(fā)展離不開法制制度層面的完善,本文作者想基于金融法的視角闡述中國實(shí)現(xiàn)普惠金融的法律制度構(gòu)建�；诖�,本論文主要從以下方面開展:論文第一部分主要介紹普惠金融的歷史淵源及其主流概念,接著基于金融排斥理論提出發(fā)展普惠金融的必要性。論文的第二部分主要闡述構(gòu)建普惠金融的理論基礎(chǔ),其中主要包括三個(gè)方面的理論基礎(chǔ),首先是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的木桶理論要求我們必須積極推進(jìn)普惠金融的發(fā)展,而大量金融排斥的存在也阻礙了經(jīng)濟(jì)的全面、協(xié)調(diào)和可持續(xù)發(fā)展,接著從倫理學(xué)的角度引入尤努斯教授的金融倫理觀:人人生而平等,金融權(quán)利的不平等是最大的不平等,它極大地阻礙了人的全面發(fā)展,教授擲地有聲提出信貸權(quán)是人權(quán),窮人也享有信貸權(quán),金融機(jī)構(gòu)在追逐經(jīng)濟(jì)利益最大化的同時(shí)也應(yīng)該積極踐行社會(huì)責(zé)任幫助弱勢群體的發(fā)展,最后基于法學(xué)的角度來探討普惠金融。論文第三部分主要從以美國為代表的發(fā)達(dá)國家和以印尼為代表的發(fā)展中國家兩個(gè)層次來論述國外在推進(jìn)金融制度中的法治經(jīng)驗(yàn)。論文第四章則總結(jié)了當(dāng)前中國推進(jìn)普惠金融的立法實(shí)踐及其在實(shí)踐過程中遇到的諸如對(duì)金融排斥現(xiàn)象缺乏有效的法律監(jiān)管體制、現(xiàn)有的金融體系難以發(fā)揮普惠金融的作用及對(duì)相關(guān)主體缺乏有效的法律監(jiān)管制度等方面的阻礙。論文最后一部分是作者基于法律層面上對(duì)中國構(gòu)建普惠金融體系的設(shè)想和一些建議,包括政府進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)普惠金融制度的立法和建立有效監(jiān)管機(jī)制和建立有效的配套制度等措施。
[Abstract]:On November 12, 2013, the "decision of the CPC Central Committee on several important issues of comprehensively deepening Reform", adopted at the third Plenary session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, formally put forward "developing inclusive finance". Encourage financial innovation and enrich financial market levels and products "(Article 12 of part III). Inclusive finance was first introduced by the United Nations in 2005 at the year of Microcredit, and the current financial system does not include those who really need financial services. The UN wants to build an inclusive financial system by promoting microcredit. At the same time, the imbalance of regional development and the further expansion of the gap between the rich and the poor can not be ignored. A large part of the reason for this phenomenon lies in financial exclusion. For a long time, the dual structure has existed in the financial system of our country. The financial institutions, represented by banks, widely follow the law of "2 / 8". The more the object of the real demand for financial services is excluded from the system, the more it is excluded from the system. To a certain extent, inclusive finance is still a relatively new thing in China at present. At present, China has a group of financial entities that practice the concept of inclusive finance. Among them, Yi Xin and other Internet finance and micro-credit companies are the notable representatives. While advocating that financial enterprises pay attention to social responsibility, the government should protect the financial subject from the legal system and policy level to practice the inclusive finance concept. At present, there are few systematic studies on inclusive finance by domestic scholars. The sustainable development of inclusive finance is inseparable from the perfection of legal system. The author wants to expound the construction of legal system of inclusive finance in China based on the perspective of financial law. Based on this, this paper mainly develops from the following aspects: the first part of the paper mainly introduces the historical origin and mainstream concept of inclusive finance, and then puts forward the necessity of developing inclusive finance based on the theory of financial exclusion. The second part of the paper mainly expounds the theoretical basis of constructing inclusive finance, which mainly includes three aspects of the theoretical basis. Firstly, the barrel theory of economics requires us to actively promote the development of inclusive finance. The existence of a large number of financial exclusion also hindered the overall, coordinated and sustainable development of the economy. Then, from the perspective of ethics, Professor Yunus introduced Professor Yunus's view of financial ethics: everyone is born equal, and the inequality of financial rights is the greatest inequality. It has greatly hindered the overall development of human beings. The professor has argued that credit rights are human rights and that the poor also enjoy credit rights. Financial institutions should also actively practice social responsibility to help the development of vulnerable groups while pursuing the maximization of economic benefits. Finally, based on the perspective of law to explore inclusive finance. The third part of the thesis mainly discusses the experience of foreign countries in advancing the financial system from two levels: the developed countries represented by the United States and the developing countries represented by Indonesia. The fourth chapter summarizes the current legal practice of promoting inclusive finance in China and the lack of effective legal supervision system in the process of practice, such as the lack of an effective legal supervision system for the phenomenon of financial exclusion. The existing financial system is difficult to play the role of inclusive finance and the lack of effective legal supervision system. The last part of the thesis is the author's assumption and some suggestions on the construction of inclusive financial system in China on the legal level. The government should further strengthen the legislation of inclusive financial system, establish effective supervision mechanism and establish effective supporting system and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D922.28
本文編號(hào)：2147591
[Abstract]:On November 12, 2013, the "decision of the CPC Central Committee on several important issues of comprehensively deepening Reform", adopted at the third Plenary session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, formally put forward "developing inclusive finance". Encourage financial innovation and enrich financial market levels and products "(Article 12 of part III). Inclusive finance was first introduced by the United Nations in 2005 at the year of Microcredit, and the current financial system does not include those who really need financial services. The UN wants to build an inclusive financial system by promoting microcredit. At the same time, the imbalance of regional development and the further expansion of the gap between the rich and the poor can not be ignored. A large part of the reason for this phenomenon lies in financial exclusion. For a long time, the dual structure has existed in the financial system of our country. The financial institutions, represented by banks, widely follow the law of "2 / 8". The more the object of the real demand for financial services is excluded from the system, the more it is excluded from the system. To a certain extent, inclusive finance is still a relatively new thing in China at present. At present, China has a group of financial entities that practice the concept of inclusive finance. Among them, Yi Xin and other Internet finance and micro-credit companies are the notable representatives. While advocating that financial enterprises pay attention to social responsibility, the government should protect the financial subject from the legal system and policy level to practice the inclusive finance concept. At present, there are few systematic studies on inclusive finance by domestic scholars. The sustainable development of inclusive finance is inseparable from the perfection of legal system. The author wants to expound the construction of legal system of inclusive finance in China based on the perspective of financial law. Based on this, this paper mainly develops from the following aspects: the first part of the paper mainly introduces the historical origin and mainstream concept of inclusive finance, and then puts forward the necessity of developing inclusive finance based on the theory of financial exclusion. The second part of the paper mainly expounds the theoretical basis of constructing inclusive finance, which mainly includes three aspects of the theoretical basis. Firstly, the barrel theory of economics requires us to actively promote the development of inclusive finance. The existence of a large number of financial exclusion also hindered the overall, coordinated and sustainable development of the economy. Then, from the perspective of ethics, Professor Yunus introduced Professor Yunus's view of financial ethics: everyone is born equal, and the inequality of financial rights is the greatest inequality. It has greatly hindered the overall development of human beings. The professor has argued that credit rights are human rights and that the poor also enjoy credit rights. Financial institutions should also actively practice social responsibility to help the development of vulnerable groups while pursuing the maximization of economic benefits. Finally, based on the perspective of law to explore inclusive finance. The third part of the thesis mainly discusses the experience of foreign countries in advancing the financial system from two levels: the developed countries represented by the United States and the developing countries represented by Indonesia. The fourth chapter summarizes the current legal practice of promoting inclusive finance in China and the lack of effective legal supervision system in the process of practice, such as the lack of an effective legal supervision system for the phenomenon of financial exclusion. The existing financial system is difficult to play the role of inclusive finance and the lack of effective legal supervision system. The last part of the thesis is the author's assumption and some suggestions on the construction of inclusive financial system in China on the legal level. The government should further strengthen the legislation of inclusive financial system, establish effective supervision mechanism and establish effective supporting system and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D922.28
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