我國民營銀行市場準入法律制度研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-24 13:33
【摘要】：民營銀行是我國金融市場的新興組成部分,成為金融改革的一項重要舉措。而作為先導(dǎo)程序的市場準入制度,直接決定著被批準的民營銀行發(fā)展前景。試點民營銀行的運營也需要完善的配套法律制度,目前我國法學(xué)界在民營銀行市場準入法律制度方面的研究仍然缺少實質(zhì)意義的成果,理論與實際脫節(jié)嚴重,難以滿足實際需要。民營銀行目前存在諸多準入障礙,致使其發(fā)展道路艱難,主要原因包括規(guī)模較小使得抗風險能力差、破產(chǎn)風險高[1]、法律對關(guān)聯(lián)交易監(jiān)管缺失、準入階段股東資格審核制度存款保險制度等存在法律空白、股東資格審核的信息不對稱等等。[3]當下的目標是完善市場準入法律制度,有利于處于市場劣勢地位的民營銀行克服眾多運營困境�，F(xiàn)行開放試點的五家民營銀行,為相關(guān)市場準入法律制度研究提供了良好的素材。目前其經(jīng)營總況居于穩(wěn)定狀態(tài),在市場準入階段經(jīng)各方審核,資金募集程序合法,組織規(guī)范,業(yè)務(wù)模式趨于成熟。初步具備預(yù)警和風險監(jiān)控機制。不良資產(chǎn)監(jiān)管到位,基本具備應(yīng)對相應(yīng)危機的能力。股東資格審核符合法律標準。同時,我國臺灣地區(qū)和其他國家銀行業(yè)關(guān)于存款保險制度適用、內(nèi)部治理結(jié)構(gòu)合法化和監(jiān)管部門職責完善等內(nèi)容的研究,為我國民營銀行市場準入法律制度構(gòu)建提供可借鑒的經(jīng)驗。依靠對上述內(nèi)容的分析,結(jié)合我國民營銀行發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,致力于形成較為完善并有實際操作意義的法律制度方案。民營銀行市場準入法律制度構(gòu)建應(yīng)當完善制度施行的內(nèi)外環(huán)境。民營銀行市場準入階段制度的法制化,最重要的是完善相關(guān)法律制度,構(gòu)建合理并能夠施行的法律規(guī)范,完善配套監(jiān)管制度和措施。第一,明確其定義及服務(wù)對象。當前的目標是服務(wù)于所在區(qū)域的金融市場,即中小型企業(yè)及個體工商戶作為主要服務(wù)對象,避免盲目擴大市場份額。第二,嚴格法律監(jiān)管制度,審查經(jīng)營者的合法性與申請設(shè)立對象的業(yè)務(wù)范圍是否符合法律規(guī)定。第三,實行分級銀行牌照制度。嚴格股東資格審查和資金來源審核制度。第四,制定和完善銀行從業(yè)資格標準,對于民營銀行管理者和雇員,嚴格其從業(yè)資格,以確保準入之后的運營階段能夠得到具有豐富實踐經(jīng)驗的職業(yè)經(jīng)理人的管理保障。第五,完善存款保險制度,確保民營銀行在準入之時具備抵御經(jīng)營危機的能力。第六,明確投資股東甄選機制、構(gòu)建合理的股權(quán)構(gòu)架。第七,在行政政策方面給予足夠的優(yōu)待。法律制度應(yīng)當體現(xiàn)出對市場主體行為的引導(dǎo)作用,因此,在民營銀行日益發(fā)展的今天,法學(xué)工作者應(yīng)當進一步開展準入制度構(gòu)建的研究,考量現(xiàn)有制度的不足并加以變革,完善配套法律法規(guī),為經(jīng)濟發(fā)展提供保障。同時,為長期處于停滯階段的民營銀行理論研究帶來新的思想和成果。
[Abstract]:Private bank is a new component of financial market in China, and has become an important measure of financial reform. The market access system, as a leading procedure, directly determines the development prospects of the approved private banks. The operation of the pilot private banks also needs a complete supporting legal system. At present, the research on the market access legal system of private banks in our country still lacks the achievement of substantial significance, and the theoretical and practical disconnection is serious. It is difficult to meet actual needs. At present, there are many barriers to entry of private banks, which make the development of private banks difficult. The main reasons include small scale, poor ability to resist risks, high risk of bankruptcy, lack of legal supervision on related transactions. There are legal gaps in the system of stockholder qualification examination, such as deposit insurance system, information asymmetry in shareholder qualification audit and so on. [3] the current goal is to perfect the legal system of market access. It is advantageous for the private banks in the inferior position of the market to overcome the numerous operating difficulties. The five private banks, which are open to the outside world, provide good materials for the study of the relevant market access legal system. At present, the general condition of its operation is in a stable state. At the stage of market access, the procedure of raising funds is legal, the organization is standardized, and the business model tends to be mature. Preliminary early warning and risk monitoring mechanism. Bad assets supervision is in place, basically have the ability to deal with the corresponding crisis. The stockholder qualification examination conforms to the legal standard. At the same time, the study on the application of deposit insurance system, the legalization of internal governance structure and the perfection of regulatory responsibilities in the banking industry of Taiwan and other countries, It can be used for reference for the construction of market access legal system of private banks in China. Based on the analysis of the above contents and the present situation of the development of the private banks in our country, the author devotes to form a more perfect and practical legal system scheme. The construction of private bank market access legal system should perfect the internal and external environment of system implementation. The most important thing in the legalization of private bank market access system is to perfect the relevant legal system, to construct reasonable and feasible legal norms, and to perfect the supporting supervision system and measures. First, clear definition and service object. The current goal is to serve the financial market in the region, that is, small and medium-sized enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households as the main service object, to avoid blindly expanding market share. Second, strict legal supervision system to examine the legality of operators and the scope of business of the object of application for establishment in accordance with the provisions of the law. Third, the implementation of a hierarchical banking licence system. Strict shareholder qualification examination and capital source audit system. Fourth, we should establish and improve the qualification standards of banks, and strictly enforce their qualifications for managers and employees of private banks, so as to ensure that the professional managers with rich practical experience can manage and guarantee the operation stage after admission. Fifth, improve deposit insurance system to ensure that private banks have the ability to resist management crisis. Sixth, clear investment shareholder selection mechanism, to build a reasonable equity structure. Seventh, give adequate preferential treatment in administrative policy. The legal system should reflect the guiding role to the behavior of the main body of the market. Therefore, with the development of the private banks today, the jurists should further carry out the research on the construction of the access system, consider the shortcomings of the existing system and reform it. Improve supporting laws and regulations to provide protection for economic development. At the same time, it brings new ideas and achievements to the theoretical research of private banks.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北方工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.281
本文編號：2141542
[Abstract]:Private bank is a new component of financial market in China, and has become an important measure of financial reform. The market access system, as a leading procedure, directly determines the development prospects of the approved private banks. The operation of the pilot private banks also needs a complete supporting legal system. At present, the research on the market access legal system of private banks in our country still lacks the achievement of substantial significance, and the theoretical and practical disconnection is serious. It is difficult to meet actual needs. At present, there are many barriers to entry of private banks, which make the development of private banks difficult. The main reasons include small scale, poor ability to resist risks, high risk of bankruptcy, lack of legal supervision on related transactions. There are legal gaps in the system of stockholder qualification examination, such as deposit insurance system, information asymmetry in shareholder qualification audit and so on. [3] the current goal is to perfect the legal system of market access. It is advantageous for the private banks in the inferior position of the market to overcome the numerous operating difficulties. The five private banks, which are open to the outside world, provide good materials for the study of the relevant market access legal system. At present, the general condition of its operation is in a stable state. At the stage of market access, the procedure of raising funds is legal, the organization is standardized, and the business model tends to be mature. Preliminary early warning and risk monitoring mechanism. Bad assets supervision is in place, basically have the ability to deal with the corresponding crisis. The stockholder qualification examination conforms to the legal standard. At the same time, the study on the application of deposit insurance system, the legalization of internal governance structure and the perfection of regulatory responsibilities in the banking industry of Taiwan and other countries, It can be used for reference for the construction of market access legal system of private banks in China. Based on the analysis of the above contents and the present situation of the development of the private banks in our country, the author devotes to form a more perfect and practical legal system scheme. The construction of private bank market access legal system should perfect the internal and external environment of system implementation. The most important thing in the legalization of private bank market access system is to perfect the relevant legal system, to construct reasonable and feasible legal norms, and to perfect the supporting supervision system and measures. First, clear definition and service object. The current goal is to serve the financial market in the region, that is, small and medium-sized enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households as the main service object, to avoid blindly expanding market share. Second, strict legal supervision system to examine the legality of operators and the scope of business of the object of application for establishment in accordance with the provisions of the law. Third, the implementation of a hierarchical banking licence system. Strict shareholder qualification examination and capital source audit system. Fourth, we should establish and improve the qualification standards of banks, and strictly enforce their qualifications for managers and employees of private banks, so as to ensure that the professional managers with rich practical experience can manage and guarantee the operation stage after admission. Fifth, improve deposit insurance system to ensure that private banks have the ability to resist management crisis. Sixth, clear investment shareholder selection mechanism, to build a reasonable equity structure. Seventh, give adequate preferential treatment in administrative policy. The legal system should reflect the guiding role to the behavior of the main body of the market. Therefore, with the development of the private banks today, the jurists should further carry out the research on the construction of the access system, consider the shortcomings of the existing system and reform it. Improve supporting laws and regulations to provide protection for economic development. At the same time, it brings new ideas and achievements to the theoretical research of private banks.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北方工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.281
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