本文選題：旅游合同 + 旅游時間浪費　； 參考：《揚州大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著生活質(zhì)量的提高,越來越多的人青睞于外出旅游。同時人們對旅游活動的服務(wù)質(zhì)量的要求越來越高,維權(quán)意識也越來越強。伴隨著《旅游法》的頒行,旅游事業(yè)必將更上一層樓。就各地旅游管理部門提供的格式合同條款來看,對旅游消費者的權(quán)益保護還有一些欠周詳?shù)牡胤?不少旅游合同糾紛還不能得到完滿解決,旅游時間的浪費是其中比較突出的問題。就旅游合同的特殊性而言,時間因素?zé)o疑占有舉足輕重的地位。大多數(shù)上班族只能利用有限的幾個法定節(jié)假日進行旅游,這段時間因此便有了“定期性”的特點,旅游時間的起點和終點受到假期和季節(jié)等因素的限制,一旦無益浪費或錯過只好“靜候來年”了；對于其他旅游者來說,時間的浪費也會使旅游質(zhì)量大大降低。因此,為了能夠更好地規(guī)范旅游經(jīng)營者的經(jīng)營行為,同時基于保護弱勢群體旅游者的合法權(quán)益和保障旅游業(yè)健康發(fā)展的考慮,有必要確立旅游者的時間浪費損害賠償請求權(quán)。確立時間浪費損害賠償請求權(quán),當(dāng)前面臨的主要困境是,關(guān)于時間浪費損害賠償請求權(quán)的許多具體問題還沒有一個統(tǒng)一的定性,例如時間浪費損害賠償請求權(quán)的法律性質(zhì)、它該采用何種歸責(zé)原則、時間浪費損害賠償責(zé)任的構(gòu)成要件有哪些以及法院支持時間浪費損害賠償請求權(quán)時,具體賠償數(shù)額如何進行確定等,這些問題在學(xué)術(shù)界都有較大爭議,法律規(guī)定也不明確。旅游者通過外出旅游希望獲得的放松享受利益的落空,即為旅游時間浪費的實質(zhì)。確立時間浪費損害賠償請求權(quán)是旅游合同特殊性的要求,是彌補財產(chǎn)損害賠償之不足的需要。時間浪費在性質(zhì)上屬于非財產(chǎn)損害,因此,時間浪費損害賠償是非財產(chǎn)上損害賠償?shù)囊环N獨立形式。時間浪費損害賠償責(zé)任的構(gòu)成要件有如下五個方面：一是旅游經(jīng)營者對時間浪費損害的發(fā)生有過錯；二是時間浪費損害賠償請求權(quán)的權(quán)利主體是旅游者一方,責(zé)任主體是旅游經(jīng)營者一方；三是旅游經(jīng)營者存在違約行為,致使旅游遭受挫敗或重大障礙；四是旅游者遭受了時間浪費的損害事實；五是旅游經(jīng)營者的違約行為和旅游者遭受的旅游時間浪費損害事實之間存在因果關(guān)系。旅游者的時間浪費損害賠償請求權(quán)應(yīng)當(dāng)在《旅游法》中予以規(guī)定。為了平衡雙方當(dāng)事人的利益,防止權(quán)利濫用,時間浪費損害賠償請求權(quán)的消滅時效應(yīng)適用短期訴訟時效(1年),具體的賠償數(shù)額應(yīng)以旅游者所交的旅游總費用的日平均數(shù)為基數(shù),最高賠償數(shù)額應(yīng)小于等于日平均費用的三倍。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of quality of life, more and more people prefer to travel. At the same time, the service quality of tourism activities is more and more demanding, and the awareness of safeguarding rights is becoming stronger and stronger. With the enactment of the Tourism Law, the tourism industry is bound to rise to a higher level. As far as the standard contract terms provided by the local tourism management departments are concerned, there are still some inadequacies in the protection of the rights and interests of tourism consumers. Many disputes over tourism contracts cannot be resolved satisfactorily. The waste of travel time is one of the outstanding problems. As far as the particularity of tourism contract is concerned, time factor undoubtedly plays an important role. Most office workers can only make use of a limited number of statutory holidays to travel, and this period of time is characterized by "periodicity". The beginning and end of travel time are limited by such factors as holidays and seasons. If you don't waste or miss it, you'll have to wait for the coming year; for other tourists, the waste of time can also make the quality of travel worse. Therefore, in order to better regulate the management behavior of tourism operators, and based on the consideration of protecting the legal rights and interests of the vulnerable group tourists and ensuring the healthy development of tourism, it is necessary to establish the right to claim damages for time wasted by tourists. In order to establish the right to claim compensation for time wasted damage, the main dilemma is that many specific problems concerning the claim for compensation for time wasted have not yet been characterized in a uniform way, such as the legal nature of the right to claim compensation for time wasted damage. What kind of imputation principle should be adopted, what are the constitutive elements of the liability for time wasted damages, and how to determine the specific amount of compensation when the court supports the claim for compensation for wasted time, these problems are controversial in academic circles. The law is also unclear. It is a waste of time for tourists to lose the relaxing and enjoying benefits that they hope to gain by going out. Establishing the claim right of time wasting damages is the demand of the particularity of tourism contract and the need to make up the deficiency of property damage compensation. Time wasting belongs to non-property damage in nature, therefore, time waste damage compensation is an independent form of non-property damage compensation. The constitutive requirements of the liability for time waste damage are as follows: first, the tourist operator has fault on the occurrence of the time waste damage; second, the right subject of the time waste damage claim is the tourist party. The main body of responsibility is the tourist operator, the third is the tourist operator's breach of contract, which results in the tourism being frustrated or seriously obstructed, the fourth is the fact that the tourist has suffered the damage of wasting time. Fifth, there is a causal relationship between the breach of contract by tour operators and the fact that tourists suffer from wasted travel time. The right to claim damages for time wasted by tourists shall be stipulated in the Tourism Law. In order to balance the interests of both parties and prevent the abuse of rights, the time wasted claim for damages shall be subject to a short-term limitation period (one year or so, and the specific amount of compensation shall be based on the daily average of the total travel expenses paid by the tourist. The maximum amount of compensation shall be less than three times the average daily cost.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D923;D922.294

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