本文選題：合作制農(nóng)業(yè)保險 + 合作制農(nóng)業(yè)保險組織�。� 參考：《西南大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：作為當代社會應(yīng)對農(nóng)業(yè)風險的工具之一,合作制農(nóng)業(yè)保險對分散農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和經(jīng)營風險、增加農(nóng)民的收入、維護糧食安全發(fā)揮了極其重大的作用。合作制農(nóng)業(yè)保險與農(nóng)村金融市場有天然的兼容性,在減少交易成本、提升效率,對抗道德風險和逆向選擇等方面有明顯的制度優(yōu)勢,相對于商業(yè)保險公司,基層合作制農(nóng)業(yè)保險組織由于設(shè)立在農(nóng)村直接面向農(nóng)戶,化解了農(nóng)險基層服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)的難題,在業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營上極具便利性。我國早在上世紀九十年代便有了合作制農(nóng)業(yè)保險實踐,中央“一號文件”也數(shù)次提到鼓勵在農(nóng)村發(fā)展互助合作保險,于2013年頒布的《農(nóng)業(yè)保險條例》第一次肯定了合作制農(nóng)業(yè)保險這一農(nóng)業(yè)保險形式�？梢哉f我國合作制農(nóng)業(yè)保險的發(fā)展迎來了前所未有的機遇,在現(xiàn)有合作制農(nóng)業(yè)保險實踐中,黑龍江陽光農(nóng)業(yè)相互保險公司的經(jīng)營取得了較大成功,成為行業(yè)典范。然而,自合作制農(nóng)業(yè)保險入法以來,相關(guān)立法停滯不前,合作制農(nóng)業(yè)保險制度遭遇嚴重法律困境。目前僅有《農(nóng)民專業(yè)合作社法》及《相互保險組織監(jiān)管試行辦法》對其設(shè)立、成員、監(jiān)管等事項做了初步規(guī)定。在合作制農(nóng)業(yè)保險的組織體系的構(gòu)建、保險費率厘定權(quán)限、再保險機制及大災(zāi)風險分散機制等方面還是一片空白,由于合作制農(nóng)業(yè)保險組織對風險極為敏感,這些配套機制是否入法恰恰決定著合作制農(nóng)業(yè)保險制度能否持續(xù)。正是因為法律制度供給嚴重不足,黑龍江陽光農(nóng)業(yè)相互保險公司經(jīng)營的合作制農(nóng)業(yè)保險面臨許多困難,有鑒于此,完善合作制農(nóng)業(yè)保險法律制度迫在眉睫。日本和法國的合作制農(nóng)業(yè)保險法律制度相當完備,不僅建立了多層次的組織體系,還有完善的再保險機制、大災(zāi)風險分散機制,財稅方面支持力度強并且步入法制化軌道,這些做法對完善我國合作制農(nóng)業(yè)保險法律制度提供了有益的啟示和經(jīng)驗。為了解決我國合作制農(nóng)業(yè)保險制度遭遇的法律困境,當務(wù)之急便是要著力改善法律制度供給,為合作制農(nóng)業(yè)保險的長足發(fā)展提供一個優(yōu)良的制度環(huán)境。目前,規(guī)制合作制農(nóng)業(yè)保險的法律文件分散,位階較低,提高其立法位階是必要的。具體來說,要立足于風控完善合作制農(nóng)業(yè)保險經(jīng)營規(guī)則及各項配套機制。首先,要構(gòu)建多層次的合作制農(nóng)業(yè)保險組織體系,包括由各個組織形式的原保險人組成的原保險組織體系,以及由各個組織形式的再保險人組成的再保險組織體系,明晰組織體系中各個保險人之間的權(quán)利、義務(wù)關(guān)系,最大程度上為基層合作制農(nóng)業(yè)保險分散經(jīng)營風險。其次,要賦予合作制農(nóng)業(yè)保險組織一定的費率制定權(quán)限,以便更好發(fā)揮其靈活性的理論優(yōu)勢,為新型農(nóng)業(yè)主體提供更為豐富的保險產(chǎn)品。另外,鑒于合作制農(nóng)業(yè)保險對風險的敏感性,要盡快完善配套的再保險機制、大災(zāi)風險分散機制,在中央成立政策性的農(nóng)業(yè)再保險經(jīng)營機構(gòu)在目前來看是非常迫切的,還應(yīng)設(shè)立農(nóng)業(yè)大災(zāi)風險分散基金。最后,明確政府在合作制農(nóng)業(yè)保險發(fā)展中的具體補貼義務(wù),并將其入法,除了保費補貼機制需要完善,還應(yīng)為合作制農(nóng)業(yè)保險組織的展業(yè)提供經(jīng)營、管理費用補貼,免稅力度也亟待進一步增強。
[Abstract]:As one of the tools to deal with agricultural risks in contemporary society, cooperative agricultural insurance has played an extremely important role in dispersing agricultural production and operating risks, increasing farmers' income and maintaining food security. Cooperative agricultural insurance has natural compatibility with rural financial markets, reducing transaction costs, improving efficiency and confronting moral hazard. As opposed to the adverse selection, there are obvious institutional advantages. Compared with the Business insurance company, the agricultural insurance organization of the grass-roots cooperative system has solved the difficult problem of the construction of the grass-roots service network of agricultural insurance because of its establishment in the rural areas directly to the farmers, and is very convenient in business operation. China had a cooperative agricultural insurance in 90s of last century. In practice, the central "No. 1 document" also mentioned several times to encourage the development of mutual assistance and cooperation insurance in rural areas. In 2013, the agricultural insurance Ordinance, promulgated in 2013, first affirmed the agricultural insurance form of cooperative agricultural insurance. It can be said that the development of our cooperative agricultural insurance has ushered in the previous unavailable opportunities and the existing cooperative agricultural insurance practice. The operation of the Sunlight Agricultural Mutual Insurance Company in Heilongjiang has been a great success and a model for the industry. However, since the incorporation of cooperative agricultural insurance into the law, the relevant legislation has been stagnant and the cooperative agricultural insurance system has encountered serious legal difficulties. The establishment of the establishment, the members, the supervision and other matters have been preliminarily stipulated. It is still a blank in the construction of the organizational system of the cooperative agricultural insurance, the permissions of the insurance rate, the reinsurance mechanism and the dispersal mechanism of the disaster risk. Because the cooperative agricultural insurance organizations are extremely sensitive to the risks, whether these supporting mechanisms enter the law determines the cooperation precisely. It is because of the serious shortage of legal system that the cooperative system of agricultural insurance in Heilongjiang Sunlight Agricultural Mutual Insurance Company faces many difficulties. In view of this, it is imminent to improve the legal system of cooperative agricultural insurance. Only a multilevel organization system, a perfect reinsurance mechanism, a decentralized risk risk mechanism, a strong financial and tax support and a legal system, have been provided for the improvement of the legal system of cooperative agricultural insurance in China. The urgent task is to improve the supply of the legal system and provide a good institutional environment for the rapid development of the cooperative agricultural insurance. At present, it is necessary to regulate the legal documents of the cooperative system of agricultural insurance and to improve its legislative level. In particular, it should be based on the wind control to perfect the cooperative agricultural insurance. First, we should construct a multi-level cooperative system of agricultural insurance organization, including the original insurance organization system composed of the original insurers of various organizations, and the reinsurance organization system composed of the reinsurers of various organizations, and clear the rights and obligations of all the insurers in the organization system. The relationship, to the greatest extent, is the risk of decentralized management of agricultural insurance at the grass-roots level. Secondly, it is necessary to give the cooperative agricultural insurance organizations a certain rate of authority to give full play to the theoretical advantages of its flexibility and to provide more rich insurance products for the new agricultural subject. In addition, in view of the risk sensitivity of the cooperative agricultural insurance, To improve the supporting reinsurance mechanism as soon as possible, the decentralization mechanism of large disaster risk, the establishment of a policy based agricultural reinsurance management institution in the Central Committee is very urgent in the present time. It is also necessary to set up a decentralized fund for agricultural disaster risk. Finally, the specific subsidy obligations of the government in the development of cooperative agricultural insurance are clarifying, and it should be incorporated into the law, in addition to the premium. The subsidy mechanism needs to be perfected, and the exhibition industry of cooperative agricultural insurance organizations should also be provided.

【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D922.284

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