本文選題：海上保險(xiǎn)　切入點(diǎn)：推定全損　出處：《大連海事大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：推定全損制度是海上保險(xiǎn)中一項(xiàng)非常重要的制度。海上保險(xiǎn)中,除極少數(shù)部分損失和實(shí)際全損絕對(duì)明確的情況外,被保險(xiǎn)人大多按推定全損索賠。但是在實(shí)務(wù)當(dāng)中,由于保險(xiǎn)合同雙方當(dāng)事人往往根據(jù)自身具體利益來(lái)決定是否適用推定全損,所以保險(xiǎn)人與被保險(xiǎn)人容易就受損貨物是否成立推定全損、是否應(yīng)賠付全損保險(xiǎn)金發(fā)生爭(zhēng)論。為此,本文以貨物推定全損為研究對(duì)象,結(jié)合司法實(shí)踐中的真實(shí)案例,研究貨物推定全損認(rèn)定與保險(xiǎn)賠償相關(guān)法律問(wèn)題,進(jìn)而結(jié)合我國(guó)的現(xiàn)實(shí)國(guó)情提出一定建議。本文具體分為六章,內(nèi)容如下:第一章是對(duì)推定全損制度的概述。確認(rèn)什么是貨物推定全損,是研究這一法律問(wèn)題的前提。本章首先從推定全損的含義出發(fā),通過(guò)對(duì)推定全損制定背景研究,以及與實(shí)際全損、部分損失的比較分析,探究推定全損的本質(zhì)。第二章是對(duì)貨物推定全損一般認(rèn)定的研究。我國(guó)法律規(guī)定了貨物推定全損的成立條件。本章對(duì)貨物推定全損需要滿足的兩個(gè)條件,實(shí)際全損不可避免或?yàn)楸苊鈱?shí)際全損支付的費(fèi)用超出保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值,進(jìn)行理論和實(shí)踐上的深入研究。第三章是對(duì)海盜劫持船貨全損認(rèn)定的研究。在海上航運(yùn)過(guò)程中,船舶可能受到海盜襲擊從而導(dǎo)致船貨被劫持。本章首先論述海盜行為及當(dāng)代的發(fā)展情況;然后對(duì)海盜劫持的船貨能否認(rèn)定推定全損展開(kāi)具體分析,通過(guò)對(duì)現(xiàn)代海盜的代表索馬里、西非和東南亞海盜劫持船貨的行為進(jìn)行研究,探討被劫持的船貨是否可以認(rèn)定為推定全損。第四章是對(duì)貨物推定全損中航程喪失問(wèn)題的研究。英國(guó)普通法下有一種特殊類型的推定全損,航程喪失導(dǎo)致的推定全損。對(duì)于深受英國(guó)海上保險(xiǎn)法影響的我國(guó)來(lái)說(shuō),是否可以認(rèn)定并適用這一特殊類型的貨物推定全損。本章首先從這一類型產(chǎn)生的背景和適用的特點(diǎn)著手;而后深入探討對(duì)我國(guó)的影響,通過(guò)對(duì)相關(guān)條款和司法案例的研究,分析我國(guó)是否認(rèn)可這一形式的推定全損。第五章是對(duì)貨物推定全損下保險(xiǎn)委付問(wèn)題的研究。在推定全損的保險(xiǎn)賠償程序之中,委付是必不可少的重要環(huán)節(jié)。本章首先研究了委付的概念及法律性質(zhì);然后對(duì)委付與推定全損的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了分析;最后研究委付對(duì)保險(xiǎn)人和被保險(xiǎn)人權(quán)利義務(wù)的影響。第六章是對(duì)貨物推定全損相關(guān)法律的修改建議。本章是在前述內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合我國(guó)的現(xiàn)實(shí)國(guó)情,從推定全損和委付兩個(gè)方面出發(fā),對(duì)推定全損的認(rèn)定以及保險(xiǎn)委付提出一定的建議。
[Abstract]:Presumption of total loss is a very important system in marine insurance.In marine insurance, except for a few parts of the loss and the actual total loss is absolutely clear, most of the insured claim according to the presumption of total loss.However, in practice, because the parties to an insurance contract often decide whether to apply the presumption of total loss according to their own specific interests, it is easy for the insurer and the insured to establish a presumption of total loss on the damaged goods.There is an argument as to whether total loss insurance should be paid.Therefore, this article takes the goods presumption total loss as the research object, unifies the judicial practice the real case, studies the goods presumption total loss confirmation and the insurance compensation correlation legal question, then unifies our country reality situation to put forward the certain proposal.This paper is divided into six chapters, the contents are as follows: the first chapter is an overview of the presumption of total loss system.Confirmation of what is presumed total loss of goods is a prerequisite for studying this legal issue.This chapter starts from the meaning of the presumption total loss, through the background research of the presumption total loss, as well as the comparison analysis with the actual total loss and partial loss, explores the essence of the presumption total loss.The second chapter is the general determination of the presumption of total loss of goods.The law of our country prescribes the conditions for the presumption of total loss of goods.In this chapter, two necessary conditions for the presumption of total loss of goods, the actual total loss is inevitable or to avoid the actual total loss of the cost over the insurance value, theoretical and practical in-depth research.The third chapter is the study of the total loss of pirate hijacked ship.During maritime navigation, ships may be attacked by pirates, resulting in hijacking of cargo.This chapter first discusses piracy and its contemporary development, and then carries out a specific analysis of whether pirate hijacked ships and cargo can be identified as presumed total loss, and through the representation of modern pirates in Somalia,The behavior of hijacking ship cargo by pirates in West Africa and Southeast Asia is studied to find out whether the hijacked ship and cargo can be regarded as presumed total loss.The fourth chapter is the study of the loss of voyage in the presumption of total loss of goods.There is a special type of presumption of total loss under the English common law, and a presumption of total loss resulting from loss of voyage.For our country, which is deeply influenced by British marine insurance law, can this special type of goods be presumed to be totally damaged.This chapter begins with the background of this type and the characteristics of its application, and then probes into the influence on our country. Through the study of relevant clauses and judicial cases, this chapter analyzes whether or not the presumption of total loss of this form is accepted in our country.The fifth chapter is the study of insurance abandonment under the presumption of total loss of goods.In the procedure of presuming total loss insurance compensation, abandonment is an essential and important link.This chapter first studies the concept and legal nature of abandonment, then analyzes the relationship between abandonment and the presumption of total loss, and finally studies the impact of abandonment on the rights and obligations of the insurer and the insured.The sixth chapter is to the goods presumption total loss related law revision proposal.This chapter is based on the above contents, combined with the reality of our country, from the presumption of total loss and abandonment of two aspects, the presumption of total loss and insurance abandonment put forward some suggestions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D922.284

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