【摘要】： 水是人類生命的源泉,是社會賴以生存與發(fā)展的“基礎(chǔ)和命脈”。水資源的形成、流動(dòng)和轉(zhuǎn)化均以流域?yàn)閱卧?流域?yàn)槲覀兲峁┝俗钪饕乃Y源。如何在發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)的同時(shí),防治流域的水污染是世界各國都面臨過的共同難題,尤其是我國這樣一個(gè)水資源人均占有量少且時(shí)空分布很不均衡的發(fā)展中國家,流域水污染治理面臨著更加嚴(yán)峻的考驗(yàn),流域水水污染嚴(yán)重并進(jìn)一步惡化、水污染事故頻發(fā),是我國經(jīng)歷20多年的流域水污染防治工作后的現(xiàn)狀。除了經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展等客觀原因之外,我國流域水污染法律的重大缺陷:流域水污染防治法律不完善、流域水污染防治體制不合理、市場機(jī)制未得到充分利用是流域水污染“久治不愈”的重要原因。我國應(yīng)借鑒國內(nèi)外一些著名流域的水污染防治經(jīng)驗(yàn),立足于流域水污染的流域特性,進(jìn)一步完善統(tǒng)一的流域水污染綜合控制的體制和法律制度。首先,要完善流域水污染防治法律體系:完善流域管理的法律法規(guī)、完善有關(guān)流域水污染防治的環(huán)境經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的法律保障體系、加強(qiáng)與相關(guān)環(huán)境法律法規(guī)及涉水法律的協(xié)調(diào)。第二,在流域和區(qū)域?qū)用鎸α饔蛩廴痉乐喂芾眢w制進(jìn)行重構(gòu)。第三,建立和完善流域水污染防治的規(guī)劃預(yù)警制度、節(jié)水減污制度、排污許可證及總量控制制度、流域跨區(qū)水污染經(jīng)濟(jì)補(bǔ)償及糾紛處理制度、公眾參與制度、法律責(zé)任制度、面源污染綜合控制制度、水污染防治投融資制度等主要法律制度。
[Abstract]:Water is the source of human life and the basis and lifeline for the survival and development of society. The formation, flow and transformation of water resources are based on the basin, which provides us with the most important water resources. How to prevent and control water pollution in watersheds is a common problem faced by all countries in the world, especially in a developing country with low per capita share of water resources and uneven temporal and spatial distribution. The treatment of river basin water pollution is facing a more severe test. The serious and further deterioration of basin water pollution and the frequent occurrence of water pollution accidents are the present situation after more than 20 years of river basin water pollution prevention and control in our country. In addition to the objective reasons such as rapid economic development, the major defects of the river basin water pollution law in China are as follows: the river basin water pollution prevention and control law is not perfect, and the basin water pollution prevention and control system is unreasonable. The failure of market mechanism to make full use of water pollution is an important reason why water pollution in river basin can not be cured for a long time. China should draw lessons from the water pollution prevention and control experience of some famous watersheds at home and abroad, based on the watershed characteristics of watershed water pollution, and further improve the unified system and legal system of comprehensive control of river basin water pollution. First of all, we should improve the legal system of river basin water pollution prevention and control: perfect the laws and regulations of watershed management, improve the legal guarantee system of environmental and economic policies related to watershed water pollution prevention and control, and strengthen the coordination with relevant environmental laws and regulations and water-related laws. Second, the basin water pollution prevention and control management system is reconstructed at the basin and regional level. Third, establish and improve the planning and early warning system, water saving and pollution reduction system, emission permit and total amount control system, inter-regional water pollution economic compensation and dispute settlement system, public participation system and legal liability system for river basin water pollution prevention and control. Comprehensive control system of non-point source pollution, investment and financing system of water pollution prevention and control, and other main legal systems.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：D922.68

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前5條

1 閻道宏;我國水污染防治法律制度研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2011年

2 朱雯;流域水污染防治法中的制衡原則[D];中國海洋大學(xué);2011年

3 董娜娜;我國流域水污染防治立法問題研究[D];山東科技大學(xué);2009年

4 王坤;三峽庫區(qū)小流域污染特性及其綜合整治措施[D];合肥工業(yè)大學(xué);2010年

5 伍虹;珠江流域水環(huán)境保護(hù)法律問題研究[D];中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號：2483551