發(fā)布時間：2019-05-18 01:09

【摘要】：孟德斯鳩在其著名的《論法的精神》一書中十分明確地表明:“一切有權(quán)力的人都容易濫用權(quán)力,這是萬古不易的一條經(jīng)驗。有權(quán)力的人們使用權(quán)力一直到遇有界限的地方才休止�！爆F(xiàn)在這個界限是由法律來規(guī)范的。隨著人類社會的發(fā)展與進(jìn)步,對于凌駕在社會之上的國家權(quán)力,尤其是越來越龐大的行政權(quán)力,實施有效的監(jiān)督,顯得日益重要。環(huán)境執(zhí)法權(quán)作為行政權(quán)力的一種,作為強(qiáng)有力的法制手段,對于解決環(huán)境問題,打擊環(huán)境違法行為,特別是促進(jìn)依法管理環(huán)境等具有重要意義。并且,在很大程度上,環(huán)境保護(hù)目標(biāo)的實現(xiàn)取決于環(huán)境執(zhí)法機(jī)關(guān)行使環(huán)境執(zhí)法權(quán)力的狀況。倘若環(huán)境執(zhí)法缺乏有效的監(jiān)督和制約,將會嚴(yán)重影響我國環(huán)境管理的效果。因此,為了確保環(huán)境執(zhí)法“像鋼鐵一樣硬”,有效防范和監(jiān)督環(huán)境執(zhí)法亂作為或不作為的發(fā)生及存在,就需要構(gòu)建合理、暢通的行政內(nèi)部監(jiān)督制度。否則,將會阻礙我國完備的環(huán)境執(zhí)法監(jiān)督法律體系的構(gòu)建。 另外,從理論研究角度看,目前對于環(huán)境執(zhí)法監(jiān)督制度的研究多是屬于政治學(xué)、公共管理、行政管理、環(huán)境科學(xué)等領(lǐng)域,法學(xué)領(lǐng)域的成熟研究偏少,特別是對環(huán)境執(zhí)法監(jiān)督中行政監(jiān)督方面的研究還明顯不夠。這不僅導(dǎo)致了環(huán)境執(zhí)法監(jiān)督立法的落后與缺位,也是實踐中環(huán)境執(zhí)法監(jiān)督不力和低效的重要原因。 為了解決當(dāng)前環(huán)境執(zhí)法監(jiān)督制度中存在的問題,彌補(bǔ)行政內(nèi)部監(jiān)督制度的不足,必須按照“大部制”改革的具體要求,重設(shè)我國的環(huán)境執(zhí)法監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)。本文共分為五章,第一章闡述了選題背景和意義,對國內(nèi)環(huán)境執(zhí)法監(jiān)督制度研究作了文獻(xiàn)綜述,確定了本文的研究目標(biāo)、方法和框架。第二章對執(zhí)法、環(huán)境執(zhí)法和環(huán)境執(zhí)法監(jiān)督等幾個重要概念進(jìn)行了界定及辨析。第三章描述了中國環(huán)境執(zhí)法監(jiān)督制度的基本情況。第四章著重闡述了我國環(huán)境執(zhí)法監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)的形成、發(fā)展及其運行現(xiàn)狀。第五章在結(jié)合當(dāng)前“大部制”改革具體要求的基礎(chǔ)上,闡述了建立健全我國環(huán)境執(zhí)法監(jiān)督制度的主要措施,以及處理當(dāng)前中央與地方環(huán)境執(zhí)法監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)相互關(guān)系的設(shè)想。
[Abstract]:Montesquieu, in his famous book on the Spirit of Law, makes it very clear that "all those who have power are prone to abuse of power, which is an experience that has not been easy in ancient times." The use of power by powerful people does not stop until there are boundaries. " This boundary is now regulated by law. With the development and progress of human society, it is increasingly important for the state power above the society, especially for the more and more huge administrative power, to carry out effective supervision. As a kind of administrative power, environmental law enforcement power, as a powerful legal means, is of great significance to solve environmental problems, crack down on environmental violations, especially promote the management of the environment according to law. Moreover, to a large extent, the realization of the goal of environmental protection depends on the exercise of environmental law enforcement power by environmental law enforcement agencies. If environmental law enforcement lacks effective supervision and restriction, it will seriously affect the effect of environmental management in our country. Therefore, in order to ensure that environmental law enforcement is "as hard as steel" and effectively prevent and supervise the occurrence and existence of acts or omissions in environmental law enforcement, it is necessary to construct a reasonable and smooth administrative internal supervision system. Otherwise, it will hinder the construction of a complete legal system of environmental law enforcement supervision in our country. In addition, from the point of view of theoretical research, most of the current research on the supervision system of environmental law enforcement belongs to the fields of political science, public management, administration, environmental science and so on, but the mature research in the field of law is less. In particular, the research on administrative supervision in environmental law enforcement supervision is obviously not enough. This not only leads to the backwardness and absence of environmental law enforcement supervision legislation, but also an important reason for the lack of environmental law enforcement supervision and inefficiency in practice. In order to solve the problems existing in the current environmental law enforcement supervision system and make up for the shortcomings of the administrative internal supervision system, it is necessary to re-establish the environmental law enforcement supervision institutions in our country in accordance with the specific requirements of the reform of the "big department system". This paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter expounds the background and significance of the topic, makes a literature review of the domestic environmental law enforcement supervision system, and determines the research objectives, methods and framework of this paper. The second chapter defines and discriminates several important concepts, such as law enforcement, environmental law enforcement and environmental law enforcement supervision. The third chapter describes the basic situation of China's environmental law enforcement supervision system. The fourth chapter focuses on the formation, development and operation status of environmental law enforcement supervision institutions in China. The fifth chapter expounds the main measures to establish and improve the supervision system of environmental law enforcement in China, and the assumption of dealing with the relationship between the central and local environmental law enforcement supervision organizations on the basis of the specific requirements of the current reform of the "large department system".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國社會科學(xué)院研究生院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：D922.6

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