【摘要】：20世紀(jì)的最后20年間,基因工程技術(shù)以任何技術(shù)形態(tài)都無(wú)法比擬的速度一夜之間成為眾星捧月的焦點(diǎn)。這種情況的產(chǎn)生并不是偶然的,可以說(shuō)從基因工程技術(shù)本身所體現(xiàn)出的優(yōu)越性的角度看,這種結(jié)果的產(chǎn)生是一種必然�？瓜x(chóng)、抗病、抗除草劑和品種改良的棉花、水稻、大豆、玉米等等不同種類(lèi)的轉(zhuǎn)基因作物,不僅在單位產(chǎn)量上遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于其他品種的農(nóng)作物,而且在對(duì)惡劣環(huán)境適應(yīng)性的方面也表現(xiàn)出無(wú)可比擬的優(yōu)勢(shì),取得了巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益。 隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)水平的不斷發(fā)展,人類(lèi)對(duì)于生態(tài)環(huán)境的關(guān)注程度也越來(lái)越高,尤其是在近些年全球氣候變暖和生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化的事實(shí)面前,各國(guó)都認(rèn)識(shí)到了環(huán)境問(wèn)題對(duì)于人類(lèi)生存和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要性。不可否認(rèn),轉(zhuǎn)基因產(chǎn)品的安全性問(wèn)題一直都存在爭(zhēng)議,不僅因?yàn)檗D(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)發(fā)展時(shí)間較短還存在一定的不確定因素,同時(shí)也因?yàn)檗D(zhuǎn)基因植物在自然界中的種植生長(zhǎng)過(guò)程必然的要和其他物種進(jìn)行接觸。但這種接觸所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果是人類(lèi)目前還不能確定的,或者說(shuō)如果產(chǎn)生危害也是短時(shí)間之內(nèi)不易察覺(jué)的。而對(duì)于轉(zhuǎn)基因植物中重要組成部分的轉(zhuǎn)基因作物而言,這種影響和危害的產(chǎn)生就有著與其他植物相比更嚴(yán)重的危險(xiǎn)性和嚴(yán)重性。 在這樣的發(fā)展背景下,本文將生物安全問(wèn)題作為討論研究的大方向,在第一章中簡(jiǎn)要介紹選題的依據(jù)和目的,第二章開(kāi)始從分析轉(zhuǎn)基因作物的特征入手,對(duì)其在環(huán)境影響方面的危險(xiǎn)性和立法方面的必要性進(jìn)行討論,同時(shí)在第三章中就我國(guó)目前的轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)產(chǎn)品環(huán)境安全制度進(jìn)行分析和評(píng)價(jià),在第四章中重點(diǎn)分析和借鑒國(guó)外經(jīng)驗(yàn),在第五章中提出建立起一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)基因作物環(huán)境影響的法律規(guī)制系統(tǒng)的個(gè)人觀點(diǎn),以求拋磚引玉為我國(guó)的轉(zhuǎn)基因生物安全立法提供自己的建議。
[Abstract]:In the last 20 years of the 20th century, genetic engineering technology became the focus of support overnight at a speed unparalleled in any technical form. The emergence of this situation is not accidental, it can be said that from the point of view of the advantages of genetic engineering technology itself, the emergence of this result is inevitable. Different kinds of genetically modified crops, such as insect resistance, disease resistance, herbicide resistance and variety improvement, such as cotton, rice, soybeans, corn and so on, are not only much higher per unit yield than other varieties of crops. Moreover, it also shows incomparable advantages in adaptability to harsh environment, and obtains great economic and social benefits. With the continuous development of economic level, human beings pay more and more attention to the ecological environment, especially in the face of the deterioration of the global climate and ecological environment in recent years. All countries have recognized the importance of environmental problems for human survival and sustainable development. It is undeniable that the safety of genetically modified products has always been controversial, not only because of the short development time of transgenic technology, but also because of certain uncertain factors. At the same time, it is necessary to contact other species because of the planting and growth process of transgenic plants in nature. But the result of this kind of contact is not sure at present, or if the harm is not detected in a short period of time. For genetically modified crops, which are an important part of transgenic plants, the occurrence of this influence and harm is more serious than that of other plants. In this context, this paper takes biosafety as the general direction of discussion and research, briefly introduces the basis and purpose of the topic in the first chapter, and begins with the analysis of the characteristics of genetically modified crops in the second chapter. This paper discusses the risk of environmental impact and the necessity of legislation. At the same time, it analyzes and evaluates the current environmental safety system of genetically modified agricultural products in China in the third chapter, and focuses on the analysis and reference of foreign experience in the fourth chapter. In the fifth chapter, the author puts forward the personal viewpoint of establishing a legal regulation system of the environmental impact of genetically modified crops, in order to provide his own suggestions for the safety legislation of genetically modified organisms in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D922.6;D922.4

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