發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-15 01:41

【摘要】：草原荒漠化是人類面臨的主要生態(tài)環(huán)境問題之一。我國草原的總面積僅次于澳大利亞,位居世界第二位,是我國生態(tài)環(huán)境建設(shè)的重點(diǎn)區(qū)域;同時(shí)也對(duì)保護(hù)我國生物多樣性,以及促進(jìn)我國經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)和社會(huì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展都有著極其重大的生態(tài)功能和經(jīng)濟(jì)意義。然而,我國也是世界上受草原荒漠化危害最嚴(yán)重的國家之一�；哪瘑栴}正逐漸危害人類的居住環(huán)境以及身體健康,危及經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展以及社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定。目前,我國草原荒漠化問題凸顯,具體表現(xiàn)在立法、執(zhí)法以及相關(guān)制度不完善三個(gè)方面。具體來看:在立法方面,草原荒漠化預(yù)防措施的法律規(guī)定存在內(nèi)容缺乏可操作性、立法質(zhì)量不高、法律體系內(nèi)容存在沖突的問題。在執(zhí)法方面,我國對(duì)草原的保護(hù)力度不強(qiáng),執(zhí)法人員法制觀念落后、管理水平低下,監(jiān)管工作管理缺位。在相關(guān)制度的構(gòu)建方面,缺乏草原荒漠化治理的專項(xiàng)資金保障制度,生態(tài)補(bǔ)償制度不健全、專項(xiàng)補(bǔ)償資金不足,草原管理主體單一以及草原荒漠化管理機(jī)制不健全。通過研究美國、澳大利亞、以色列的草原荒漠化預(yù)防法律制度,我國預(yù)防草原荒漠化法律制度的完善可從以下三個(gè)方面構(gòu)建:在立法方面,一是梳理相關(guān)法律規(guī)定之間的關(guān)系,避免立法沖突;二是通過增加對(duì)法律條文的法律解釋、整合現(xiàn)行法律結(jié)構(gòu)完善《防治沙治化》的相關(guān)法律規(guī)定;三是完善草原荒漠化預(yù)防的地方性法規(guī)和規(guī)章。在執(zhí)法方面,一是嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行相關(guān)法律規(guī)定,依法執(zhí)法;二是提高執(zhí)法部門的法律意識(shí),提高草原荒漠化預(yù)防工作的管理水平;三是通過加強(qiáng)監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)之間的聯(lián)系與協(xié)調(diào)提高草原監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)的監(jiān)管質(zhì)量。在完善相關(guān)制度方面,一是通過借鑒國外草原荒漠化監(jiān)管經(jīng)驗(yàn),加大我國草原荒漠化工作的資金投入,同時(shí)嚴(yán)格按照資金用途合理分配專項(xiàng)資金;二是建立以國家財(cái)政款為主、捐贈(zèng)為輔的生態(tài)補(bǔ)償制度,最大程度吸納資金投入;三是在法律制定中廣泛聽取公民意見以及加強(qiáng)公眾監(jiān)督方面完善草原荒漠化的公共參與制度。四是通過明確管理主體的權(quán)責(zé)范圍完善管理機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:Grassland desertification is one of the main ecological and environmental problems faced by human beings. The total area of grassland in China is second only to Australia and the second place in the world, and it is the key area of ecological environment construction in China. At the same time, it is also of great ecological function and economic significance to protect the biodiversity of our country and promote the economic construction and sustainable development of our society. However, China is also one of the most seriously damaged countries by grassland desertification in the world. The problem of desertification is gradually endangering the living environment and health of human beings, the sustainable development of economy and the stability of society. At present, the problem of grassland desertification in China is prominent, which is manifested in three aspects: legislation, law enforcement and imperfect related systems. Specifically, in the aspect of legislation, the legal provisions of grassland desertification prevention measures are lack of maneuverability, the quality of legislation is not high, and the contents of the legal system are in conflict. In the aspect of law enforcement, the protection of grassland in our country is not strong, the legal concept of law enforcement personnel is backward, the management level is low, and the supervision and management is absent. In the construction of the relevant system, there is no special fund guarantee system for grassland desertification control, the ecological compensation system is not perfect, the special compensation fund is insufficient, the grassland management subject is single and the grassland desertification management mechanism is not perfect. By studying the legal system of grassland desertification prevention in the United States, Australia and Israel, the perfection of the legal system of grassland desertification prevention in China can be constructed from the following three aspects: in the aspect of legislation, one is to sort out the relationship between the relevant legal provisions. Avoid legislative conflicts; Second, by increasing the legal interpretation of the legal provisions, we should integrate the current legal structure to improve the relevant legal provisions of "preventing and controlling desertification", and third, improve the local regulations and regulations for grassland desertification prevention. In the aspect of law enforcement, one is to strictly implement the relevant legal provisions and enforce the law according to law, the other is to improve the legal awareness of law enforcement departments and improve the management level of grassland desertification prevention. The third is to improve the supervision quality of grassland regulators by strengthening the relationship and coordination between regulatory agencies. In the aspect of perfecting the relevant system, first, by drawing lessons from the experience of foreign grassland desertification supervision and control, we should increase the capital investment of grassland desertification work in our country, and at the same time allocate special funds strictly according to the use of funds. The second is to establish an ecological compensation system with national financial funds as the main and donation as the auxiliary, to absorb the investment of funds to the greatest extent, and third, to improve the public participation system of grassland desertification in the aspects of extensively listening to the opinions of citizens and strengthening public supervision in the formulation of laws. Fourth, improve the management mechanism by defining the scope of power and responsibility of the management subject.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D922.6

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