【摘要】： 狩獵是人類一種重要的謀生手段,曾是生產(chǎn)舞臺上的重要角色。狩獵在產(chǎn)生之初是自由的,沒有行政力量和法律的管理和約束。最初的狩獵對動物資源的延續(xù)毫無影響,但進(jìn)入現(xiàn)代社會,野生動植物及其產(chǎn)品的國際貿(mào)易日益猖獗,導(dǎo)致野生動物資源數(shù)量銳減。因此,就有必要對狩獵行為進(jìn)行干預(yù)和限制,世界各國紛紛采取措施保護(hù)野生動物資源,以維護(hù)生態(tài)平衡。 狩獵與野生動物保護(hù)的關(guān)系是各國資源保護(hù)和利用需要解決的一個問題。野生動物的保護(hù)與科學(xué)利用并不沖突,動物資源的生態(tài)價值與經(jīng)濟(jì)價值都可以為人類服務(wù),在不影響生態(tài)的前提下,科學(xué)有效的利用野生動物資源,發(fā)揮其經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,這也是野生動物的價值所在。各國在一定范圍一定條件下,授予當(dāng)事人以狩獵權(quán),這是利用野生動物的重要方式之一。 狩獵權(quán)是公民、法人或其他組織經(jīng)過國家行政主管部門的許可,依照法定程序所取得的對非國家重點(diǎn)保護(hù)野生動物的狩獵權(quán)利,在性質(zhì)上屬于用益物權(quán)。我國的狩獵權(quán)法沒有單獨(dú)的立法,相關(guān)立法散見于《野生動物保護(hù)法》等法律規(guī)范中;狩獵權(quán)客體不明確;狩獵權(quán)主體沒有資格限定;狩獵證的管理不完善;狩獵收費(fèi)價款不能反映野生動物生存狀況,收費(fèi)收入分配應(yīng)確保當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦睦姹ＷC等。同時我國的狩獵權(quán)管理實(shí)踐中,長期以來的審批模式,在行政許可法頒布后已不能繼續(xù),新的拍賣方式的探索不成熟,不利于我國狩獵產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。 對比國際上狩獵權(quán)的立法和管理實(shí)踐,有一些國家禁止狩獵,但也有不少國家的狩獵產(chǎn)業(yè)在狩獵法規(guī)和成熟的管理體制下發(fā)展成熟,多數(shù)允許狩獵的國家通過狩獵許可規(guī)范狩獵權(quán),在獵物種群、狩獵收入分配、狩獵權(quán)本國人優(yōu)先等方面值得我們結(jié)合我國的國情,探索出適合我國的歷史和實(shí)踐的狩獵權(quán)法律制度。 通過對國內(nèi)外的立法和管理實(shí)踐的對比分析,提出我國狩獵權(quán)立法的建議:強(qiáng)化狩獵權(quán)立法;科學(xué)確定狩獵權(quán)的客體;確定本國人狩獵權(quán)優(yōu)先,考慮在對等原則上給予外國人以狩獵權(quán);完善狩獵證管理規(guī)定;完善狩獵權(quán)收費(fèi)制度;探索狩獵權(quán)拍賣方式,使野生動物資源利用最大化。
[Abstract]:Hunting is an important means of livelihood for human beings, once an important role on the stage of production. Hunting was free at the beginning, without administrative power and legal control and discipline. The initial hunting had no effect on the continuation of animal resources, but in modern society, the international trade of wildlife and its products became increasingly rampant, resulting in a sharp decline in the number of wildlife resources. Therefore, it is necessary to intervene and restrict hunting behavior. Countries all over the world have taken measures to protect wildlife resources in order to maintain ecological balance. The relationship between hunting and wildlife conservation is a problem to be solved in the conservation and utilization of national resources. There is no conflict between the protection of wild animals and the scientific utilization. The ecological value and economic value of animal resources can serve human beings. On the premise of not affecting ecology, wildlife resources can be utilized scientifically and effectively to bring their economic benefits into full play. This is also the value of wildlife. Under certain conditions, countries grant hunting rights to the parties, which is one of the important ways to use wild animals. Hunting right is the hunting right obtained by citizens, legal persons or other organizations according to the legal procedure, which is a usufruct right in nature. The hunting right law of our country has no separate legislation, and the relevant legislation is scattered in the legal norms such as "Wildlife Protection Law", the object of hunting right is not clear, the subject of hunting right is not qualified, the management of hunting license is not perfect. The price of hunting fee can not reflect the living conditions of wild animals, and the distribution of fee income should ensure the interests of local residents and so on. At the same time, in the practice of hunting right management in our country, the long-term examination and approval mode has been unable to continue after the promulgation of the administrative license law, and the exploration of the new auction method is immature, which is not conducive to the development of the hunting industry in our country. Comparing with the legislation and management practice of hunting right in the world, some countries prohibit hunting, but many countries develop and mature hunting industry under hunting laws and regulations and mature management system. Most of the countries that allow hunting regulate hunting right through hunting permit. In the aspects of game population, hunting income distribution, hunting right, national priority and so on, it is worth considering our country's national conditions. To explore the legal system of hunting right suitable for the history and practice of our country. Through the comparative analysis of legislation and management practice at home and abroad, this paper puts forward some suggestions on the legislation of hunting right in our country: strengthening the legislation of hunting right, scientifically determining the object of hunting right, and putting forward the following suggestions: 1. Determine the priority of hunting rights of native people, consider giving hunting rights to foreigners on the principle of reciprocity; perfect the regulations of hunting license management; perfect the system of charging for hunting rights; explore the auction mode of hunting rights; and make the wildlife resources use maximum.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)（北京）
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：D922.6

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