【摘要】：濕地是一種特殊類型土地資源,是全球三大生態(tài)系統(tǒng)(森林和海洋)之一,也是地球水域和陸地間過渡的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。它在調(diào)節(jié)氣候、調(diào)蓄洪水、保護(hù)生物多樣性、提供高生物產(chǎn)量、提供人類居住旅游環(huán)境、提供學(xué)者科學(xué)考察基地等方面都具有十分重要的意義。長期以來,伴隨人類對(duì)濕地認(rèn)識(shí)的逐步深入,如何合理利用濕地資源,保障濕地環(huán)境可持續(xù)發(fā)展,越來越受到各國政府和研究機(jī)構(gòu)的普遍關(guān)注。 據(jù)全國濕地普查公告顯示,我國濕地面積為6594萬公頃,居亞洲第一、世界第四位。我國是世界上濕地類型齊全、數(shù)量較多的國家之一,近些年來,濕地保護(hù)越來越被各級(jí)政府和部門重視。目前,我國己有大約40%的自然濕地被納入了自然保護(hù)區(qū)范圍之中,得到了法律的保護(hù)。但是在大部分濕地生態(tài)區(qū)域,由于長期存在著對(duì)濕地生態(tài)功能的認(rèn)識(shí)不足、濕地保護(hù)意識(shí)的低下、濕地管理方式陳舊、濕地監(jiān)管機(jī)關(guān)的職權(quán)不明和執(zhí)法不力、開發(fā)利用濕地的手段和方式的錯(cuò)誤等問題,我國濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的總體狀況仍然不容樂觀,濕地生態(tài)環(huán)境問題未能得到根本遏制。 寧夏現(xiàn)有濕地25.6萬公頃,占寧夏國土面積的5%。但是由于對(duì)濕地的認(rèn)識(shí)和保護(hù)不足,重視不夠,政策失衡,法制不健全,管理體制不順,資金投入不足,管理力度不夠以及濕地過度開發(fā)等原因,造成濕地的保護(hù)利用不合理。因此,寧夏濕地的保護(hù)工作變得必要和緊迫。本文立足我國及寧夏濕地管理和保護(hù)現(xiàn)狀,剖析寧夏濕地面臨的嚴(yán)重威脅,在此基礎(chǔ)上提出寧夏濕地保護(hù)的立法對(duì)策。在立法方面,本文針對(duì)目前濕地保護(hù)立法狀況,提出盡快出臺(tái)全國濕地保護(hù)法,完善《寧夏回族自治區(qū)濕地保護(hù)條例》,出臺(tái)《寧夏回族自治區(qū)濕地保護(hù)條例實(shí)施細(xì)則》。在執(zhí)法方面,本文提出濕地保護(hù)的經(jīng)費(fèi)來源與管理;完善濕地違法處罰方式,加大濕地違法成本;濕地保護(hù)區(qū)的建立和科學(xué)管理;加強(qiáng)濕地保護(hù)的宣傳教育工作,增強(qiáng)公民濕地保護(hù)意識(shí)。此外,建立健全濕地保護(hù)生態(tài)補(bǔ)償機(jī)制,加強(qiáng)濕地保護(hù)的公眾參與制度。
[Abstract]:Wetland is a special type of land resource. It is one of the three major ecosystems (forest and ocean) in the world, and it is also a transitional ecosystem between the water and land of the earth. It is of great significance in regulating climate, regulating flood, protecting biodiversity, providing high biological yield, providing human living tourism environment, providing scientific investigation base of scholars and so on. For a long time, with the gradual deepening of human understanding of wetland, how to make rational use of wetland resources and ensure the sustainable development of wetland environment has been paid more and more attention by governments and research institutions. According to the announcement of the National Wetland Survey, China has a wetland area of 65.94 million hectares, ranking first in Asia and fourth in the world. China is one of the countries with many wetland types in the world. In recent years, the protection of wetlands has been paid more and more attention by governments and departments at all levels. At present, about 40% of the natural wetlands in China have been included in the scope of nature reserves and protected by law. However, in most wetland ecological areas, because of the long-term lack of understanding of wetland ecological function, the low awareness of wetland protection, the obsolete wetland management, the unclear functions and powers of wetland regulatory bodies and the weak enforcement of the law, The general situation of wetland ecosystem in China is still not optimistic, and the problem of wetland ecological environment can not be contained fundamentally. Ningxia has 256000 hectares of wetlands, accounting for 5 of Ningxia's land area. However, due to the insufficient understanding and protection of wetlands, insufficient attention to the policy imbalance, imperfect legal system, bad management system, insufficient investment in funds, insufficient management efforts and excessive exploitation of wetlands, the protection and utilization of wetlands is unreasonable. Therefore, the protection work of Ningxia wetland becomes necessary and urgent. Based on the present situation of wetland management and protection in China and Ningxia, this paper analyzes the serious threats faced by Ningxia wetland, and puts forward legislative countermeasures for wetland protection in Ningxia. In the aspect of legislation, according to the current situation of wetland protection legislation, this paper puts forward that the national wetland protection law should be issued as soon as possible, the regulations on wetland protection of Ningxia Hui Autonomous region should be perfected, and the rules for the implementation of the regulations on wetland protection in Ningxia Hui Autonomous region should be issued. In the aspect of law enforcement, this paper puts forward the source of funds and management of wetland protection, perfecting the punishment mode of wetland violation, increasing the illegal cost of wetland, establishing and scientific management of wetland protection area; Strengthen the work of propaganda and education on wetland protection and enhance citizens' awareness of wetland protection. In addition, establish and perfect wetland protection ecological compensation mechanism, strengthen wetland protection public participation system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：X37;D922.68

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