【摘要】： 石油資源是現(xiàn)代社會不可缺少的重要能源。石油運輸量的增加帶來漏油事故的增多,其中油輪碰撞導(dǎo)致燃料油或貨油泄漏,極具破壞性。不但會造成海面污染,生態(tài)環(huán)境、漁業(yè)資源等自然資源不可恢復(fù)性的毀壞,而且油輪的所有人、經(jīng)營人和油料的所有人等關(guān)系人在經(jīng)濟(jì)上的損失巨大。為了防止和控制船舶污染造成的巨額損失,國際社會及各個國家無不制定或?qū)嵤┫鄳?yīng)的法律法規(guī),以期將損失降到最低、補(bǔ)償達(dá)到最合理。 海事賠償責(zé)任限制制度,是指船舶無論在航行中或停泊時發(fā)生重大海損事故時,對事故負(fù)有責(zé)任的船舶所有人、救助人或其他人,依據(jù)法律的規(guī)定,對某些受害人提出的損害賠償請求,將自己的賠償責(zé)任限制在一定范圍內(nèi)的法律制度。本文采取案例分析方法及比較法進(jìn)行論證研究,提出了在對于我國沿海內(nèi)船碰撞油污損害責(zé)任限制的法律適用問題應(yīng)適用我國加入的國際條約以促進(jìn)海運業(yè)發(fā)展與國際接軌。在責(zé)任限制額上也應(yīng)適用我國加入的國際條約的規(guī)定。 本文分為五部分,第一部分為案例介紹分析及法律焦點,針對由于碰撞引起的油輪事故,對其損害賠償責(zé)任限制的實踐經(jīng)驗做了介紹;第二部分為海事賠償責(zé)任限制的適格主體,結(jié)合國際公約和部分歐美發(fā)達(dá)國家的國內(nèi)立法,對該制度的相關(guān)理論和立法進(jìn)行了論述,以期對我國現(xiàn)階段油污損害賠償體系的建立并完善提供一些有價值的參考意見;第三部分為我國有關(guān)油污損害賠償責(zé)任限制的法律適用,運用比較法,規(guī)范分析法對船舶油污損害賠償?shù)姆蛇m用和責(zé)任限制制度進(jìn)行了論述。筆者認(rèn)為在我國國內(nèi)海域發(fā)生的不涉外因素的海事?lián)p害賠償案件應(yīng)盡量適用國際條約,促進(jìn)我國海事審判與國際接軌,符合時代發(fā)展。第四部分為責(zé)任限制額,闡述了在法律適用問題上責(zé)任限制額應(yīng)作為重要因素予以考慮。第五部分為我國海事責(zé)任限制立法完善。闡述了我國立法方面的不足并提出了需要完善的幾個方面,不管基于任何法律適用問題都要以最大限度地保護(hù)我國利益為根本目的。
[Abstract]:Petroleum resource is an indispensable and important energy source in modern society. The increase of oil transportation leads to an increase in oil spills, in which the collision of oil tankers leads to the leakage of fuel oil or cargo oil, which is extremely destructive. Not only will the sea pollution, ecological environment, fishery resources and other natural resources can not be restored to the destruction, but also the owner of oil tankers, operators and oil all related people in the economic losses. In order to prevent and control the huge losses caused by ship pollution, the international community and various countries have formulated or implemented the corresponding laws and regulations, in order to reduce the loss to the minimum and compensate for the most reasonable. The system of limitation of liability for maritime claims refers to the owner of the ship, the salvor or other person who is responsible for the accident, whether in the course of navigation or in the course of berthing, in accordance with the provisions of the law, A legal system that limits the liability of certain victims to their claims for damages. In this paper, the case analysis method and comparative method are adopted to demonstrate and study, and it is proposed that the application of the law to the limitation of liability for oil pollution damage caused by collision of ships along the coast of China should be applied to the international treaties to which China is a party in order to promote the development of the maritime industry in line with the international standards. The provisions of the international treaties to which China is a party should also be applied to the limitation of liability. This paper is divided into five parts. The first part is the case analysis and legal focus. The practical experience of limitation of liability for damage caused by collision is introduced. The second part is the suitably subject of limitation of liability for maritime claims, combined with international conventions and the domestic legislation of some developed countries in Europe and the United States, the relevant theories and legislation of this system are discussed. In order to provide some valuable suggestions for the establishment and perfection of the compensation system for oil pollution damage in our country at present; The third part is the legal application of liability limitation for oil pollution damage in China. The application of law and liability limitation system of compensation for oil pollution damage of ships are discussed by means of comparative method and normative analysis method. The author thinks that the maritime damage compensation cases with non-foreign factors occurring in the domestic sea area of our country should be applied to international treaties as far as possible, and promote the maritime trial in our country to be in line with the international standards, which is in line with the development of the times. The fourth part is the limitation of liability, which should be considered as an important factor in the application of law. The fifth part is the perfection of our maritime liability limitation legislation. This paper expounds the shortcomings of our country's legislation and puts forward several aspects that need to be perfected. No matter based on any legal application problems, the fundamental purpose is to protect the interests of our country as far as possible.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：D922.6

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