【摘要】： 社會工業(yè)化、現(xiàn)代化的進(jìn)程中,自然資源損害事件不斷發(fā)生。我國現(xiàn)行的環(huán)境侵權(quán)民事責(zé)任制度主要針對環(huán)境污染導(dǎo)致直接受害人的人身和財(cái)產(chǎn)損害規(guī)定了民事責(zé)任,缺乏對受損害的自然資源的救濟(jì)規(guī)定。鑒于此,本文嘗試從現(xiàn)實(shí)案例出發(fā),結(jié)合有關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù),對構(gòu)建自然資源損害賠償制度進(jìn)行必要性、可行性分析,并對我國自然資源損害賠償制度的建立提出一些思路,希望能夠拋磚引玉。全文主體共分為四章。 第一章通過考察典型自然資源損害案件,對自然資源損害概念的內(nèi)涵和外延進(jìn)行闡釋。在總結(jié)了自然資源損害及其處理出現(xiàn)的新情況的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合自然資源的性質(zhì)和特點(diǎn),將自然資源損害界定為人類生存和發(fā)展所依賴的自然條件和自然要素發(fā)生了性狀的不良變化、價(jià)值的不合理減損和自身功能的衰退。自然資源損害行為的表現(xiàn)形式主要是環(huán)境污染和生態(tài)破壞。 第二章對構(gòu)建自然資源損害賠償制度進(jìn)行必要性分析。首先,自然資源損害的現(xiàn)實(shí)情況和特點(diǎn)決定了自然資源損害賠償?shù)脑瓌t和范圍具有特殊性。其次,闡述我國自然資源損害賠償機(jī)制的現(xiàn)狀�，F(xiàn)有自然資源與環(huán)境保護(hù)法律的立法基于傳統(tǒng)侵權(quán)行為法的理念,注重對環(huán)境污染導(dǎo)致直接受害人的人身、財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)益的保護(hù),忽視了對受損害的自然資源的保護(hù)。再次,剖析我國現(xiàn)有法律對自然資源損害處理途徑的缺陷。通過對現(xiàn)行環(huán)境侵權(quán)民事責(zé)任制度和行政、司法處理模式解決自然資源損害實(shí)踐的分析,說明依據(jù)現(xiàn)有法律制度和處理機(jī)制無法對自然資源損害給予有效賠償。最后,從法哲學(xué)的角度出發(fā),闡明對作為社會公共利益組成部分的自然資源需要建立相關(guān)保障制度,救濟(jì)其可能遭受的現(xiàn)實(shí)損害。 第三章對構(gòu)建自然資源損害賠償制度進(jìn)行可行性分析。從理論依據(jù)層面觀察,自然資源損害符合特殊侵權(quán)責(zé)任的構(gòu)成要件,本質(zhì)上是一種特殊的侵權(quán)行為。因此,對于自然資源損害,作為受害人的國家可以民事主體的身份要求危害自然資源的自然人、法人或者其他組織承擔(dān)損害賠償?shù)拿袷仑?zé)任,運(yùn)用私法方法保護(hù)公共利益。從制度基礎(chǔ)層面觀察,我國《民法通則》、《侵權(quán)責(zé)任法》規(guī)定的損害賠償?shù)拿袷仑?zé)任承擔(dān)方式,對自然資源損害可以充分發(fā)揮填補(bǔ)損害的救濟(jì)作用;我國《憲法》、《海洋環(huán)境保護(hù)法》等法律和司法審判中的典型案例對我國自然資源損害賠償制度的構(gòu)建提供了有益的制度和實(shí)踐基礎(chǔ);比較、分析國外有關(guān)自然資源損害賠償?shù)闹贫?學(xué)習(xí)、借鑒其合理的制度安排,對于我國自然資源損害賠償制度的建構(gòu)有啟發(fā)、參考作用。 第四章在前文分析、論證的基礎(chǔ)上,以特殊侵權(quán)損害賠償之債為理論依據(jù),以現(xiàn)行法律為制度基礎(chǔ),借鑒國外立法中比較成熟的思想,提出我國自然資源損害賠償制度構(gòu)建的初步思路:確定損害賠償?shù)闹黧w;明確歸責(zé)原則和免責(zé)事由;堅(jiān)持“填補(bǔ)損害,恢復(fù)原狀”、“懲罰惡意,預(yù)防警示”、“平衡得失,限額賠償”的損害賠償原則;界定損害賠償?shù)姆秶?使賠償更有針對性和可操作性。
[Abstract]:In the process of social industrialization and modernization, the occurrence of natural resource damage events. The system of civil liability for environmental tort in our country mainly provides civil liability for the personal and property damage of the direct victim, and lacks the relief provisions for the damaged natural resources. In view of this, this paper tries to analyze the necessity and feasibility of constructing the compensation system of natural resources from the real case, and put forward some ideas on the establishment of the system of compensation for natural resources in our country. The full-text subject is divided into four chapters. In the first chapter, through the investigation of typical natural resource damage cases, the connotation and extension of the concept of natural resource damage On the basis of summarizing the new situation of natural resource damage and its treatment, combining the nature and characteristics of natural resources, the natural conditions and natural factors of natural resource damage are defined as the natural conditions and natural factors of human survival and development. Unreasonable impairment and self-work of bad change and value A decline in energy. The form of natural resource damage is mainly environmental pollution and The second chapter is to build the damage compensation for natural resources. First, the reality and characteristics of natural resource damage determine the origin of the compensation for natural resources Secondly, the paper expounds the natural resources of our country. The legislation of the existing natural resources and environmental protection law is based on the idea of the traditional tort law, and pays attention to the protection of the personal and property rights and interests of the direct victim caused by the environmental pollution, and ignores the damage to the damage The protection of the natural resources of the harm. Based on the analysis of the existing system of civil liability of environmental tort and the practice of the administrative and judicial process of the damage to the natural resources, the paper explains that the existing legal system and the processing mechanism can't be used to the natural resources. In the end, from the point of view of the law philosophy, it is clear that the natural resources as an integral part of the social public interest need to establish the relevant safeguard system and remedy it. Possible real-time damage. Chapter III is for the construction of natural resources On the basis of the theoretical basis, the damage of natural resources is in accordance with the constitutive requirements of the special tort liability. In essence, it is a special tort. Therefore, in the case of natural resource damage, the state of the victim as a victim may, in the capacity of the civil subject, require the natural person, the legal person or other organization of the natural resource to bear the civil responsibility for damages In order to protect the public interest by using the private law method, the civil liability of the compensation for damages under the General Principles of the Civil Law of China and the Law of Liability for Tort Liability is observed from the basic level of the system, and the damage to the natural resources can be fully filled. The typical cases in the legal and judicial trials of our country, such as the Constitution and the Law on the Protection of the Marine Environment, provide a useful system and a practical basis for the construction of the compensation system for natural resources of our country. to study and learn from the reasonable system arrangement, and to compensate for the damage to natural resources of our country The fourth chapter is based on the analysis and demonstration of the previous text, based on the debt of the special tort compensation, based on the current law, and draws on the mature thought in the foreign legislation. The preliminary idea of the construction of the system of compensation for natural resources in China: to determine the subject of damages; to clarify the principle of liability and the cause of the liability; to adhere to the principle of damages for 鈥渢o fill the damage and restore to the original state鈥，

本文編號：2327159