基于海洋環(huán)境和生態(tài)保護(hù)的海域關(guān)閉立法制度研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-12 08:14
【摘要】：海洋是全球生命支持系統(tǒng)的基本組成部分之一,也是有助于實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的寶貴財(cái)富,人類利用和開(kāi)發(fā)海洋已延續(xù)千年。從早期的沿海漁鹽產(chǎn)業(yè)等發(fā)展到二十世紀(jì)對(duì)深海海底資源的開(kāi)發(fā),人類在利用海洋資源、發(fā)展海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)方面取得了長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步。改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),我國(guó)沿海地區(qū)依靠海洋區(qū)位和資源優(yōu)勢(shì),社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展,成為中國(guó)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)最繁榮的地帶。隨著沿海地區(qū)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)、快速發(fā)展,也加快了我國(guó)的人口趨海性集中、遷移活動(dòng),給海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境造成了越來(lái)越大的壓力,使海洋環(huán)境和生態(tài)處于非良性循環(huán)狀態(tài)。2008年2月,針對(duì)日益嚴(yán)重的海洋環(huán)境污染及生態(tài)破壞問(wèn)題,我國(guó)首次發(fā)布了海洋領(lǐng)域的總體規(guī)劃——《國(guó)家海洋事業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃綱要》,《綱要》中明確提出了“海洋資源可持續(xù)利用、海洋環(huán)境和生態(tài)保護(hù)”的目標(biāo),提出“將計(jì)劃建立海域關(guān)閉制度”。及時(shí)的研究制定我國(guó)海域修復(fù)及保護(hù)的海域關(guān)閉制度已經(jīng)適時(shí)地提出,這對(duì)于保證我國(guó)海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)、沿海地區(qū)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)我國(guó)海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要意義。我國(guó)在海域關(guān)閉問(wèn)題上,無(wú)論是理論研究還是實(shí)際操作,都沒(méi)有形成一個(gè)統(tǒng)一、完善的系統(tǒng),海域關(guān)閉制度在我國(guó)的立法上沒(méi)有明確規(guī)定,也尚乏對(duì)海域關(guān)閉立法進(jìn)行深入研究者。理論界一般都是從海洋生態(tài)法角度來(lái)研究海洋環(huán)境和生態(tài)保護(hù)的法律制度和體系,將海域關(guān)閉作為海洋生態(tài)研究的一部分,所提出的建議和對(duì)策也都是綜合性較強(qiáng)的,少有針對(duì)海域關(guān)閉制度提出構(gòu)想者。在廣泛搜集國(guó)內(nèi)外有關(guān)海域開(kāi)發(fā)利用活動(dòng)和海洋環(huán)境管理、海域關(guān)閉管理方面的制度、體系、法律規(guī)范等最新信息資料的基礎(chǔ)上,文章對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外關(guān)于海洋環(huán)境保護(hù)以及生態(tài)保護(hù)的立法及管理模式等進(jìn)行了深入分析、分類總結(jié),通過(guò)對(duì)海域使用管理、海洋生態(tài)保護(hù)等理論與方法進(jìn)行研究、分析,結(jié)合我國(guó)海域的實(shí)際以及海洋功能區(qū)劃,對(duì)我國(guó)海域關(guān)閉類型進(jìn)行分類,設(shè)計(jì)我國(guó)海域關(guān)閉的具體指標(biāo),確定海域關(guān)閉、開(kāi)啟,海洋環(huán)境治理的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),并在海域達(dá)到海域關(guān)閉、開(kāi)啟時(shí),所需采取的措施建議,最終提出建立我國(guó)海域關(guān)閉的制度框架的建議,更好地解決我國(guó)海洋環(huán)境問(wèn)題,從而促進(jìn)我國(guó)海洋經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。在研究方法上,主要采用了實(shí)證分析和價(jià)值分析相結(jié)合的方法對(duì)所搜集和掌握的素材進(jìn)行研究,總結(jié)我國(guó)海洋環(huán)境現(xiàn)存的問(wèn)題及國(guó)外主要海洋國(guó)家解決相關(guān)問(wèn)題所取得的成果,通過(guò)將我國(guó)的海洋保護(hù)和開(kāi)發(fā)相關(guān)政策措施及立法情況與國(guó)外先進(jìn)國(guó)家進(jìn)行比較分析,從而分析我國(guó)現(xiàn)有海洋環(huán)境保護(hù)和管理模式存在的一些弊端,并對(duì)國(guó)外的有效模式進(jìn)行合理借鑒,形成具有可操作性的立法建議。
[Abstract]:The ocean is one of the basic components of the global life support system, and it is also a valuable asset contributing to the realization of sustainable development. Human use and exploitation of the ocean has lasted for thousands of years. From the early development of coastal fishery and salt industry to the exploitation of deep-sea seabed resources in the 20th century, human beings have made great progress in the utilization of marine resources and the development of marine economy. Since the reform and opening up, the coastal areas of our country rely on the advantages of marine location and resources, and the social economy has developed rapidly and become the most prosperous zone of China's social economy. With the sustained and rapid development of social economy in coastal areas, the population concentration and migration activities in our country have been accelerated, which has brought more and more pressure to the marine ecological environment. In February 2008, in response to the increasingly serious problems of marine environmental pollution and ecological destruction, China issued for the first time a general plan for the marine field, the outline of the National Marine Development Plan, in which the marine environment and ecology are in a non-benign cycle. In the outline, the goal of "sustainable use of marine resources, marine environment and ecological protection" is clearly put forward, and "establishing sea area closure system" is put forward. Timely study on the establishment of a sea area closure system for the restoration and protection of the sea area in China has been put forward in due course. This will ensure the sustainable development of the marine economy and the social economy of the coastal areas in China. It is of great significance to further promote the sustainable development of marine economy in China. On the issue of sea area closure, no matter whether it is theoretical research or practical operation, our country has not formed a unified and perfect system, and the sea area closure system has not been clearly stipulated in our country's legislation. There is also a lack of sea area closure legislation in-depth research. The theoretical circle generally studies the legal system and system of marine environment and ecological protection from the point of view of marine ecological law. The closed sea area is regarded as a part of marine ecological research, and the suggestions and countermeasures put forward are also relatively comprehensive. Few have come up with ideas for the closure of the sea. On the basis of extensive collection of the latest information materials on the activities of exploitation and utilization of the sea area and the management of the marine environment, the management of the sea area closure, the system, the legal norms, and so on, This paper makes a deep analysis on the legislation and management mode of marine environmental protection and ecological protection at home and abroad, classifies and summarizes, and analyzes the theories and methods of sea area use management, marine ecological protection, etc. According to the actual situation of our country's sea area and its marine functional regionalization, this paper classifies the types of sea area closure in our country, designs the specific indexes of our country's sea area closure, determines the standards of sea area closing, opening, and marine environment management, and achieves the sea area closure in the sea area. In order to solve the problems of marine environment in China, the measures should be taken to promote the sustainable development of marine economy in China. In terms of research methods, this paper mainly adopts the method of combining empirical analysis and value analysis to study the materials collected and mastered, and summarizes the existing problems of marine environment in China and the achievements made by the major marine countries abroad in solving the related problems. By comparing and analyzing the policy measures and legislation of marine protection and development in our country with the advanced countries abroad, this paper analyzes some disadvantages of the existing marine environment protection and management mode in China. And the effective model of foreign countries for reasonable reference, to form operable legislative recommendations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D922.6
[Abstract]:The ocean is one of the basic components of the global life support system, and it is also a valuable asset contributing to the realization of sustainable development. Human use and exploitation of the ocean has lasted for thousands of years. From the early development of coastal fishery and salt industry to the exploitation of deep-sea seabed resources in the 20th century, human beings have made great progress in the utilization of marine resources and the development of marine economy. Since the reform and opening up, the coastal areas of our country rely on the advantages of marine location and resources, and the social economy has developed rapidly and become the most prosperous zone of China's social economy. With the sustained and rapid development of social economy in coastal areas, the population concentration and migration activities in our country have been accelerated, which has brought more and more pressure to the marine ecological environment. In February 2008, in response to the increasingly serious problems of marine environmental pollution and ecological destruction, China issued for the first time a general plan for the marine field, the outline of the National Marine Development Plan, in which the marine environment and ecology are in a non-benign cycle. In the outline, the goal of "sustainable use of marine resources, marine environment and ecological protection" is clearly put forward, and "establishing sea area closure system" is put forward. Timely study on the establishment of a sea area closure system for the restoration and protection of the sea area in China has been put forward in due course. This will ensure the sustainable development of the marine economy and the social economy of the coastal areas in China. It is of great significance to further promote the sustainable development of marine economy in China. On the issue of sea area closure, no matter whether it is theoretical research or practical operation, our country has not formed a unified and perfect system, and the sea area closure system has not been clearly stipulated in our country's legislation. There is also a lack of sea area closure legislation in-depth research. The theoretical circle generally studies the legal system and system of marine environment and ecological protection from the point of view of marine ecological law. The closed sea area is regarded as a part of marine ecological research, and the suggestions and countermeasures put forward are also relatively comprehensive. Few have come up with ideas for the closure of the sea. On the basis of extensive collection of the latest information materials on the activities of exploitation and utilization of the sea area and the management of the marine environment, the management of the sea area closure, the system, the legal norms, and so on, This paper makes a deep analysis on the legislation and management mode of marine environmental protection and ecological protection at home and abroad, classifies and summarizes, and analyzes the theories and methods of sea area use management, marine ecological protection, etc. According to the actual situation of our country's sea area and its marine functional regionalization, this paper classifies the types of sea area closure in our country, designs the specific indexes of our country's sea area closure, determines the standards of sea area closing, opening, and marine environment management, and achieves the sea area closure in the sea area. In order to solve the problems of marine environment in China, the measures should be taken to promote the sustainable development of marine economy in China. In terms of research methods, this paper mainly adopts the method of combining empirical analysis and value analysis to study the materials collected and mastered, and summarizes the existing problems of marine environment in China and the achievements made by the major marine countries abroad in solving the related problems. By comparing and analyzing the policy measures and legislation of marine protection and development in our country with the advanced countries abroad, this paper analyzes some disadvantages of the existing marine environment protection and management mode in China. And the effective model of foreign countries for reasonable reference, to form operable legislative recommendations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D922.6
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